Chapter 10 System Development
a. Describe your development. Outsource, build in-house. Discuss challenges and opportunities
for the option chosen.
6. Chapter 11 Project Management
a. Show a “mockup” of a schedule or WBS of your project plan (keep high level). (p. 278, Figure
9-16)
Green Harvest FARM
Business Overview
Vision
To become a global leader in vertical farming, revolutionizing the way food is grown, setting the standards for sustainable farming practices
Mission
Promote efficient land utilization through vertical planting
Enhance resource efficiency and sustainability
Improve food accessibility in urban areas
Foster innovation and technological advancements
Provide education and support to farmers
Collaborate with stakeholders for widespread adoption
Target Market
Urban wholesaler
Organic food themed supermarket
Corporate vendors
Event vendors
High end restaurants
Food processing companies
Business Strategy
Leverage advanced technology and innovative solutions to optimize agricultural practices and enhance crop productivity.
Prioritize sustainability, environmentally-friendly practices, and the use of precision agriculture techniques to differentiate itself in the market
Adhere to organic farming practices and create a brand that is of global influence thus achieve a premium in pricing.
Grow our roots in communities and grow franchise all over the country.
Potential Demand
Factors to consider:
Increased global population is going to increase demand for food in general
Farming resources are becoming more and more scarce due to global climate change, eg. wildfire, flood and drought
Utilities, water are becoming more and more costly
Labor cost is going up
Awareness of food safety and desire to consume organic farmed products
All the above calls for the demand for a more efficient farming technology, which better utilizes all the resources and improves productivity per acres.
It also calls for organic farming practices that do not conflict with the yield production.
System Vision Document(SVD)
Problem Statement
The low adoption and limited awareness of vertical planting methods in agriculture pose significant challenges.
Communities lack awareness of the benefits and viability of vertical planting, leading to resistance to change.
System Capabilities
Marketing Automation
Analytics and Reporting
Content Management
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Business Benefits
Improved Efficiency: The system streamlines sales and marketing processes, automates repetitive tasks, and centralizes data management.
Enhanced Customer Relationship Management: The technology system enables better management of customer interactions, allowing sales and marketing teams to build stronger relationships with prospects and customers.
Streamlined Collaboration and Alignment: The technology system facilitates seamless collaboration and information sharing between sales and marketing teams.
Scalability and Growth: The system's scalability and modularity allow businesses to adapt and expand as their sales and marketing needs evolve.
What system is broken?
Issues with the system
Lack of awareness
Low adoption
Low Visibility
Cost of advertisement is high
Limited distribution channels
Limited Target Market
Regular farms as competitors
Marketing is the area that can be developed
Broken System Chart
Corporate Management
Business Monitor Control
Enterprise Purchasing
Business Intelligence
Corporate planning
KM
Purchase Order
Payment
Processing Order
Item sale/Delivery Tracking
Sales
Distribution & Channel Management
Marketing
Market Research
Promotions
Target market/ Segmentation
Public Relations
Advertisements
Market Analytics
Finance
Human Resources
Customer Service
Budget
Accounting
Recruiting
Compensation
Customer Support Channels
Supply Chain
Procurement
Production
Inventory Management
Information Technology
Logistics
Summary of Major Systems
HR System:
Manages employee data, recruitment and onboarding, employee benefits, performance, training and development, and payroll .
Streamline HR processes, maintain employee records, and ensure compliance with relevant regulations.
Supply Chain Management System:
Handles supplier management, product inventory, purchase orders, and shipment tracking.
Manages logistics, demand planning, order fulfillment, and supplier relationship management.
Enhance operational efficiency, minimize costs, and ensure timely delivery of products and services.
Corporate Management System:
Handle strategic planning, decision making processes, Knowledge management, Risk management, Corporate Governance, Enterprise Purchasing.
Defines Organizational Structure ,the hierarchy roles and responsibilities within the company.
Sales System:
Facilitate sales activities, manage salesperson data, track sales opportunities, generate quotes, and processes sales orders.
Summary of Major Systems
Customer Service System:
Provide exceptional customer support and assistance.
Ticket management, call center support, customer relationship management (CRM), and self-service options.
Enhance customer satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships.
Finance System:
Handles financial management processes such as bookkeeping, accounts payable and receivable, budgeting, financial reporting, and financial analysis.
Track and manage financial transactions, ensure accurate financial records, support decision-making through financial insights, and ensure compliance with accounting standards and regulations.
Marketing System:
Handle market research, promotions, advertisements, identifying the target audience, market segmentation analysis and public relations.
System Update Needed
Implementing Marketing Automation: streamline marketing efforts by automating repetitive tasks such as email marketing, lead nurturing, and campaign management
Enhancing Lead Scoring and Qualification: updating the criteria used to evaluate leads and implementing a lead scoring system within the CRM
Improving Customer Experience: Assign customers(both prospective and existing) to sales managers per its geographical location and follow up to provide seamless experience from initial contact to post-sale support.
Leveraging Data Analytics and Reporting: identify trends, optimize strategies, and make data-driven decisions
Introducing Content Marketing: high-quality, informative content such as blog posts, articles, videos, or ebooks can attract and engage potential customers, establish thought leadership, and nurture leads throughout the buyer's journey
Use Cases
| Use Case | Brief Description |
| Create Product Account | User/actor enters product information, and the system assigns account number and creates record |
| Lookup Social Media Accounts | User/actor enters social media account information, and the system retrieves existing content and displays analytics and reports |
| Process Content | User/actor provides content, and the system creates records for content |
| Distribute Content | User/actor enters dates, and the system publishes the content on social media accounts as scheduled |
Activity Diagram
| Marketing | System |
Create Product
Create Account
Create Content Schedule
Publish Content
Request Product Account
Enter Product Information
Enter Content
Use Cases
| Use Case | Brief Description |
| Lead Management and Conversion | User/Actors enters new leads, and system generates notifications and reminders to follow up; User/Actor engages with the lead and system updates the status with successful conversion. |
| Automated Email Marketing | User/Actor creates marketing campaign, and the system sends personalized emails to segmented audience based on the specific criteria. |
| Market Performance Tracking | User/Actor accesses reporting dashboard, and system presents key performance metrics such as response rate, lead conversion rate and ROI. |
Activity Diagram
Domain Model Class Diagram
References
Satzinger, J. W., Jackson, R. B., & Burd, S. D. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World (Sixth Edition ed.).
Umar, A., & Zordan, A. (2009). Enterprise Ontologies for Planning and Integration of Business: A Pragmatic Approach. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 56(2), 352-371. doi:10.1109/TEM.2009.201382
https://bowery.co/vertical-farming/
https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue2S/PartP/S-11-2-22-988.pdf
Questions? Thank You
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S I X T H E D I T I O N
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN I N A CHANG ING WORLD
John W. Satzinger Missouri State University
Robert B. Jackson RBJ and Associates
Stephen D. Burd University of New Mexico
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Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11
DEDICATION
To my wife JoAnn—JWS
To my immediate and extended family—RBJ
To Dee, Amelia, and Alex—SDB
BRIEF CONTENTS
P A R T O N E An Introduction to Systems Development 1 From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems Analysis and Design 3
Optional Online Chapter A The Role of the Systems Analyst
P A R T TWO Systems Analysis Activities 2 Investigating System Requirements 35 3 Use Cases 67 4 Domain Modeling 91 5 Extending the Requirements Models 119
Optional Online Chapter B The Traditional Approach to Requirements
P A R T T H R E E Essentials of Systems Design 6 Essentials of Design and the Design Activities 153 7 Designing the User and System Interfaces 187
P A R T F O U R Projects and Project Management 8 Approaches to System Development 225 9 Project Planning and Project Management 253
Optional Online Chapter C Project Management Techniques
P A R T F I V E Advanced Design and Deployment Concepts 10 Object-Oriented Design: Principles 293 11 Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realizations 327 12 Databases, Controls, and Security 371 13 Making the System Operational 409 14 Current Trends in System Development 443
Index 481
iv
CONTENTS
Preface xv i
P A R T O N E An Introduction to Systems Development
1 From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems Analysis and Design 3
Software Development and Systems Analysis and Design 4 Systems Development Life Cycle 5 Introduction to Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters 6 Iterative Development 8 Developing RMO’s Tradeshow System 9 Where You Are Headed—The Rest of This Book 26 Chapter Summary 28 Review Questions 28 Chapter Case 29
P A R T TWO Systems Analysis Activities
2 Investigating System Requirements 35 Overview 36 The RMO Consolidated Sales and Marketing System Project 37 Systems Analysis Activities 40 What Are Requirements? 42 Models and Modeling 44 Stakeholders 46 Information-Gathering Techniques 48 Documenting Workflows with Activity Diagrams 57 Chapter Summary 60 Review Questions 61 Problems and Exercises 61 Case Study 62 Running Cases 63 Further Resources 66
v
3 Use Cases 67 Overview 68 Use Cases and User Goals 69 Use Cases and Event Decomposition 70 Use Cases and CRUD 77 Use Cases in the Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters Case 78 Use Case Diagrams 78 Chapter Summary 85 Review Questions 85 Problems and Exercises 86 Case Study 87 Running Case Studies 88 Further Resources 90
4 Domain Modeling 91 Overview 92 “Things” in the Problem Domain 92 The Entity-Relationship Diagram 98 The Domain Model Class Diagram 101 Chapter Summary 112 Review Questions 112 Problems and Exercises 113 Case Study 115 Running Case Studies 116 Further Resources 118
5 Extending the Requirements Models 119 Overview 120 Use Case Descriptions 121 Activity Diagrams for Use Cases 125 The System Sequence Diagram—Identifying Inputs and Outputs 126 The State Machine Diagram—Identifying Object Behavior 132 Integrating Requirements Models 142 Chapter Summary 143 Review Questions 144 Problems and Exercises 145 Case Study 147 Running Case Studies 148 Further Resources 150
P A R T T H R E E Essentials of Systems Design
6 Essentials of Design and the Design Activities 153 Overview 155 The Elements of Design 155
vi CONTENTS
Inputs and Outputs for Systems Design 159 Design Activities 160 Design the Environment 167 Chapter Summary 180 Review Questions 181 Problems and Exercises 182 Case Study 182 Running Case Studies 183 Further Resources 185
7 Designing the User and System Interfaces 187 Overview 188 User and System Interfaces 189 Understanding the User Interface 189 User-Interface Design Concepts 193 The Transition from Analysis to User-Interface Design 196 User-Interface Design 200 Identifying System Interfaces 208 Designing System Inputs 210 Designing System Outputs 211 Chapter Summary 218 Review Questions 219 Problems and Exercises 219 Case Study 220 Running Case Studies 221 Further Resources 222
P A R T F O U R Projects and Project Management
8 Approaches to System Development 225 Overview 226 The Systems Development Life Cycle 227 The Support Phase 232 Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques 233 Two Approaches to Software Construction and Modeling 236 Agile Development 244 Chapter Summary 247 Review Questions 248 Problems and Exercises 249 Case Study 249 Running Case Studies 250 Further Resources 252
CONTENTS vii
9 Project Planning and Project Management 253 Overview 254 Principles of Project Management 255 Activities of Core Process 1: Identify the Problem and Obtain Approval 262 Activities of Core Process 2: Plan and Monitor the Project 271 Chapter Summary 283 Review Questions 283 Problems and Exercises 284 Case Study 286 Running Cases 287 Further Resources 289
P A R T F I V E Advanced Design and Deployment Concepts
10 Object-Oriented Design: Principles 293 Overview 294 Object-Oriented Design: Bridging from Analysis to Implementation 295 Object-Oriented Architectural Design 298 Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Detailed Design 304 Design Classes and the Design Class Diagram 308 Detailed Design with CRC Cards 314 Fundamental Detailed Design Principles 317 Chapter Summary 320 Review Questions 321 Problems and Exercises 322 Case Study 323 Running Cases 323 Further Resources 325
11 Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realizations 327 Overview 328 Detailed Design of Multilayer Systems 329 Use Case Realization with Sequence Diagrams 332 Designing with Communication Diagrams 349 Updating and Packaging the Design Classes 351 Design Patterns 356 Chapter Summary 361 Review Questions 361 Problems and Exercises 362 Case Study 367 Running Case Studies 367 Further Resources 369
viii CONTENTS
12 Databases, Controls, and Security 371 Overview 373 Databases and Database Management Systems 373 Relational Databases 374 Data Access Classes 387 Distributed Database Architectures 387 Database Design Timing and Risks 391 Designing Integrity Controls 392 Designing Security Controls 396 Chapter Summary 403 Review Questions 404 Problems and Exercises 404 Case Study 405 Running Case Studies 406 Further Resources 408
13 Making the System Operational 409 Overview 410 Testing 411 Deployment Activities 417 Planning and Managing Implementation, Testing, and Deployment 423 Putting It All Together—RMO Revisited 434 Chapter Summary 437 Review Questions 438 Problems and Exercises 438 Case Study 439 Running Case Studies 439 Further Resources 441
14 Current Trends in System Development 443 Overview 444 Trends in System Development Methodologies 445 Trends in Technology Infrastructure 457 Trends in Application Software Availability 461 The Web as an Application Platform 465 Chapter Summary 475 Review Questions 476 Problems and Exercises 476 Case Study 477 Running Case Studies 478 Further Resources 480
Index 481
CONTENTS ix
FEATURES
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Sixth Edition, was written and developed with instructor and student needs in mind. Here is just a sample of the unique and exciting features that help bring the fi eld of systems analysis and design to life.g
BRIEF CONTENTS
P A R T O N E An Introduction to Systems Development 1 From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems Analysis and Design 3
Optional Online Chapter A The Role of the Systems Analyst
P A R T TWO Systems Analysis Activities 2 Investigating System Requirements 35 3 Use Cases 67 4 Domain Modeling 91 5 Extending the Requirements Models 119
Optional Online Chapter B The Traditional Approach to Requirements
P A R T T H R E E Essentials of Systems Design 6 Essentials of Design and the Design Activities 153 7 Designing the User and System Interfaces 187
P A R T F O U R Projects and Project Management 8 Approaches to System Development 225 9 Project Planning and Project Management 253
Optional Online Chapter C Project Management Techniques
P A R T F I V E Advanced Design and Deployment Concepts 10 Object-Oriented Design: Principles 293 11 Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realizations 327 12 Databases, Controls, and Security 371 13 Making the System Operational 409 14 Current Trends in System Development 443
Index 481
hiking, ATV biking, camping, mountain climbing, rappelling—all had seen a
tremendous increase in interest in these states. People needed appropriate sports
clothes for these activities, so RMO expanded its line of sportswear to respond
to this market. It also added a line of high-fashion activewear and accessories
to round out its offerings to the expanding market of active people.
The company’s growth charted an interesting history of mail-order, brick-
and-mortar, and online sales. RMO got its start by selling to local clothing
stores in the Park City, Utah, area. In the late-1980s and early-1990s, it began
selling directly to customers by using catalogs with mail-in and telephone
orders. It opened its first store in 1994 and soon expanded to 10 retail outlets
throughout the West. Last year, retail store revenue was $67 million, telephone
and mail-order revenues were $10 million, and Web-based sales were $200 mil-
lion. Most sales continue to be in the West, although the market in several areas
of the eastern United States and Canada is growing. RMO produces its own line of outdoor and sportswear clothing. However,
in order to offer a complete range of outdoor clothing in its retail outlets, it
also sells other brands of outdoor and sportswear clothing. In addition, other
types of clothing and accessories, such as