A normal iq test includes several tests that measure intelligence, such as the ability to recognize patterns, remember things quickly, do math, and think critically. People often get the wrong idea about IQ tests, thinking that they test all the information you've learned over the years. Instead, they test your ability to learn.
The first IQ test was made in the early 1900s. Since then, it has changed a lot. In the same way that they tested people's abilities rather than anything they had learned in the past, their goal hasn't changed, and neither has the way they do it.