In class, we learned that the Literature Review includes:
- Introduction (6 sentences taught in this week's lesson)
- Review of Literature
- Analysis of Literature (use your EXCEL worksheet to compare and contrast what is the same and what is different among: WHY, HOW, and WHAT)
- For this submission: You will submit your completed Literature Review (all three sections) in a PDF document.
- YOU MUST CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY prior to submission.
Checklist for the Literature Review
( to be submitted with your literature review) Part 1: Introductory Paragraph to Literature Review
Steps |
Description of Steps |
Check |
1 |
Opening sentence: isolate your research problem, with citation |
|
2 |
Explain why it is necessary to solve this problem |
|
3 |
Ensure your reader that you have only included research articles in the literature review and identify the main theme among them |
|
4 |
If you notice multiple factors, you should list them |
|
5 |
Include the names of the databases you used to conduct your research from the Monroe College Library |
|
6 |
Lastly, list any search words/terms you used in order to find your research articles |
1st paragraph is the objective summary of the first research article with limitations.
2nd paragraph includes a transition word from the first research article to the objective
summary of the second research article with limitations.
3rd paragraph includes a transition word from the first research article to the objective
summary of the second research article with limitations (limitations OPTIONAL).
( Milestone 2 )
Flow
Is organized by findings, geography, methodology, or time
Uses headings to help your readers find their way
Uses transition words like compare/contrast words so the reader sees the flow
from article to article
Sample comparison words Sample contrast words
…similar to… …different from…
…like… …however…
…also… …on the other hand…
Part 3: Analysis of Literature
Includes similarities and differences of methodologies
Includes similarities and differences of findings
Includes similarities and differences of recommendations
References Page
Each article cited in the text IS here; NO article not cited is here.
APA Basics
All margins are 1”
Everything is evenly double spaced using the method from the APA Basics page
(except the space after the paper title on the title page)
Everything, including page numbers, is in Times New Roman 12-point font
Paper has been run through an online spelling and grammar checker
,
ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 3
*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***
Literature Review
Introduction to Literature Review
Safe and available access to maternal health services while abortion restrictions and
stigmatization continues to pose issues for young pregnant women (Janighorban et al., 2022).
With abortion restrictions on the rise and limited access to providers, it is imperative to assess the
risk factors that this imposes on pregnant women and women’s reproductive rights. The literature
review included only peer-reviewed, research articles and literature regarding the factors of
limited access to sexual reproductive services and prenatal care for women long-term. Some of
these factors include socioeconomic status, defective life skills, and mental health issues were
analyzed. The databases used to conduct the literature review was ProQuest and Medline from
the Monroe College library. Keywords and phrases included in the search for the articles
documented in the literature review reflect the following: abortion, abortion access, impacts of
abortion restriction, and maternal health service limitations.
Review of Literature
Limited Access of Care
Janighorban et al. (2021) conducted a mixed-methods research study using semi-
structured interviews in order to explore the impediments to access when it concerns
reproductive and sexual health services. This study was conducting using 120 female participants
ages 14-19, and 22 key informants that worked as midwives, psychologists or social workers in
April 2019 to June 2020 in Iran, specifically Isfahan, Tehran and Mashhad. Through in-depth
semi-structured interviews, the study participants explained in depth their experiences of barriers
to sexual and reproductive/maternal health services among teenage girls. They found that the
ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 4
*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***
ineffectiveness of key organizations in providing sexual and reproductive health services as well
as lacking in political, legal, and social support indicate that the sexual and reproductive health
of these girls is not a priority for Iranian society. They were able to conclude in their research
that the long-term effects of the severe limitations to sexual health services, specifically when it
concerns abortions and prenatal services in this age group, were family challenges, easily
succumbing to peer pressure, inability to make informed decisions when it pertains to sex, and
lack of knowledge in relation to sexual health threats, and psychological distress (Janighorban et
al., 2021).
Hadju et al. (2022) conducted secondary, quantitative research analysis in order to
identify the long-term consequences of restrictive access to abortion, specifically following the
change in abortions laws after 1974 in Hungary. The study was conducted through a secondary,
quantitative research methodology, using the 2011 census in Hungary. They were able to
conclude from their research that children born after the law change to women under the age of
35 were less likely to seek higher education. They also found that these children were also far
more likely to become teen parents themselves. The restrictive abortion policy in Hungary
ultimately resulted in negative impacts on the socioeconomic results in the lives of the children
born after the law was put in place. As a whole, they saw that children born after the law change
had worse educational outcomes, and the law change overall reflect an unwantedness effect
(Hadju et al., 2022).
Changing Stigma and Expansion of Research
Maxwell et al. (2021) conducted a qualitative research analysis in October of 2019.
Unlike the previous studies (Hadju et al., 2022; Janighorban et al., 2021), Maxwell et al. (2021)
ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 5
*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***
conducted this research study in order to figure out how providers can help normalize abortion,
challenge the stigma, and challenge sociocultural narrative surrounding the topic. Everyday
discussion as it pertains to abortion is generally negative, instilling shame and distress around the
topic and discussion, even though it is a common gynecological procedure. They conducted the
research study using a qualitative research approach, and conducted 20 interviews using thematic
analysis. From their research, they were able to identify four interconnecting themes among the
providers interviewed: 1. Resistance to abortion from their colleagues 2. negative sociocultural
abortion accounts. 3. Aims to achieve positivity or neutrality around abortion procedures. 4.
presenting abortion as normal and a part of maternal, sexual, and gynecological healthcare.
Further, they explained that abortion should not be considered wrong or viewed as inherently
negative, and it can be presented as a routine component of sexual and reproductive healthcare.
Presenting abortion neutral and positive ways can help limit and resist negative framings of the
procedure (Maxwell et al., 2021).
Lastly, Pabayo et al. (2022) carried out a secondary, quantitative research analysis in
order to determine if there was a connection between infant mortality risk and limited abortion
services in the states with varying restrictions among abortion laws in different states in the
United States. The data used for this studied came from infants born from 2008-2010 and used
this data comparatively to infants born in different regions of the world in 2015 and 2017. The
data was collected in the United States, at varying academic institutes including University of
Alberta, located in Alabama, University of Nevada, University of Utah, Columbia University,
and Montclair State University. They looked for a causal relationship between restrictive
abortion laws and infant mortality, and pulled direct statistics and numbers from LBID and
NCHS in accordance, and assessed specific laws and drew their research from there. They were
ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 6
*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***
able to conclude that Infants born to Black mothers, single mothers, and low-income mothers
have higher infant mortality rates compared to infants born to White mothers, married mothers,
and moderate/high-income mothers. They were unable to find a definitive causal relationship,
but when they tested the relationship between infant mortality and five different abortion
restrictive laws they chose, they were able to determine that there is an increase in risk of infant
mortality when the laws are more restrictive.
Analysis of Literature
Maxwell et al. Hajdu et al. (2021), Janighorban et. al (2022) and Pabayo et al. (2020) all
used qualitative research as component of the methodology used when conducting their research.
All four studies indicate that there are negative impacts on health outcomes and demonstrate a
violation to human and women’s reproductive rights when it comes to abortion access and
restrictive abortion laws. The more restrictive abortion laws overly complicate the provider-
patient relationships. They have been able to conclude that this specifically effects younger
women when it comes to reproductive health and shows negative impacts in the long run,
specifically to socioeconomic status, family planning, mental health implications, and fear and
avoidance associated with current healthcare systems. Comparatively, in Pabayo et al. (2020),
their research focuses more heavily on the risks of mortality among infants when abortions laws
are more restrictive, while Hadju et al. (2021) and Janighorban et al. (2022) focus more on the
implications to young mothers and their social and economic status following the inhibitions of
abortion access as opposed to discussing the morality implications are discussed in the former.
Meanwhile, Maxwell et al (2021) discuss the overall impacts to the healthcare system, and being
able to access a quality provider that has been trained and 1. Allowed to perform specific
procedures and 2. Properly trained to do so.
ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 7
*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***
The Discussion would go here,
introduced by a Level 1 Header and adhering to APA 7 Basics
– No page breaks between sections or extra spaces, unless one
occurs naturally, like this
,
Welcome!
This is an exciting week!
You will be completing the literature review section of your research paper!
Congratulations! You have completed part 2 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Now, let’s write Part 1!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Part 1: Introduction paragraph (you will workshop this right as you watch the powerpoint!)
Part 1: Introduction
In 6 easy(??) sentences
SENTENCE 1:
Opening sentence: isolate your research problem, with citation
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 1:
Opening sentence: isolate your research problem, with citation
Higher infant weight gain is a known risk factor for obesity later on in life (Azad et al., 2018).
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 1:
Opening sentence: isolate your research problem, with citation
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 2:
Explain why it is necessary to solve this problem
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 2:
Explain why it is necessary to solve this problem
With the obesity epidemic continuously affecting the population, examining the risk factors of obesity is essential to protecting public health.
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 2:
Explain why it is necessary to solve this problem
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 3:
Ensure your reader that you have only included research articles in the literature review and identify the main theme among them
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 3:
Ensure your reader that you have only included research articles in the literature review and identify the main theme among them
The literature review included only research articles and literature regarding the factors that influence high infant weight gain.
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 3:
Ensure your reader that you have only included research articles in the literature review and identify the main theme among them
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 4:
If you notice multiple factors, you should list them
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 4:
If you notice multiple factors, you should list them
Factors such as maternal behaviors, feeding methods, and mode of feedings were reviewed.
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 4:
If you notice multiple factors, you should list them
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 5:
Include the names of the databases you used to conduct your research from the Monroe College Library
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 5:
Include the names of the databases you used to conduct your research from the Monroe College Library
The databases that were used to conduct this literature review included ProQuest and EBSCO Host from the Monroe College Library.
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 5:
Include the names of the databases you used to conduct your research from the Monroe College Library
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 6:
List search words/terms you used in order to find your research articles
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 6:
List search words/terms you used in order to find your research articles
Search terms used to obtain relevant literature included infant weight gain, infant overweight, infant feeding, breastfeeding and weight gain, and formula feeding and weight gain.
SAMPLE
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SENTENCE 6:
List search words/terms you used in order to find your research articles
WRITE YOURS NOW
Part 1: introduction paragraph
SEE SAMPLE ON NEXT SLIDE!
Now put it together!!
Higher infant weight gain is a known risk factor for obesity later on in life
(Azad et al., 2018). With the obesity epidemic continuously affecting the
population, examining the risk factors of obesity is essential to protecting public
health. The literature review included only research articles and literature
regarding the factors that influence high infant weight gain. Factors such as
maternal behaviors, feeding methods, and mode of feedings were reviewed. The
databases that were used to conduct this literature review included ProQuest
and EBSCO Host from the Monroe College Library. Search terms used to obtain
relevant literature included infant weight gain, infant overweight, infant feeding,
breastfeeding and weight gain, and formula feeding and weight gain.
Now put together YOUR pieces!! Ready, Set, GO!
Workshop your Introduction to the Literature review!
Put the 6 sentences together to draft YOUR
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
(YES, really, now! before going to the next slide!)
Congratulations! you are done with parts 1 AND 2 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Now, let’s write Part 3!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Pull up the excel sheet with your Who, Where, When, Why, How, and What, and compare and contrast your articles based on ANY of those questions except Who.
Now (yes, now!) you will make that into an elegant paragraph! (See sample in this week’s folder)
Congratulations! you are done with parts 1 AND 2 AND 3 of the literature review!
Introduction Paragraph for the Literature Review
Review of Literature
Analysis of Literature
Put the parts together using the
checklist on the next slide!
Step Description of Tasks
1 Format your APA-7-Compliant Title page.
2 Use a Level 1 Heading for “Literature Review” and a Level 2 Heading to write your “Introduction to the Literature Review”
3 Evaluate your analysis to decide upon the ORDER in which you will present research.
4 Use Level 3 Headings for any potential categories of articles that fall under the Level 2 Heading of “Review of Literature” (see sample). Use
your notes p. 13a to write your next three objective summaries and fit in your graded objective summary into your decided order.
5 Use a Level 2 Heading for “Analysis of Literature” and write the last paragraph of your Literature Review.
6 Create and format your APA-7-Compliant References page including ANY source cited in your document.
7 Complete Checklist
8 Submit your Literature Review and the checklist
Submit your complete Literature Review!!
This is Part III of your Final Exam!
Now …
Be proud! You’ve met a major Milestone in the research paper process!