Propose a health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention found in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. Include a th

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Case Study Part 1

Health Promotion Program

High Blood Pressure in the Elderly Population in Miami, FL

The leading modifiable risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure. A higher blood

pressure level is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, stroke,

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and heart failure. At least one-third of the adult population in the US is living with hypertension,

and even more of that percentage is the elderly population (Mathew et al., 2023). High blood

pressure is commonly called the "silent killer" as it seldom causes noticeable symptoms. Having

your blood pressure measured is the only sure approach to detect hypertension. Although

hypertension is more prevalent in adults over the age of 50, it may affect persons of any gender

or age. Lifestyle adjustments, such as maintaining an active lifestyle, eating a heart-healthy diet,

reducing alcohol use, not smoking, and managing weight, may help regulate blood pressure. This

proposal will help address this issue by having a comprehensive health promotion program

tailored to meet this group of patients' unique needs in Miami (Mathew et al.,2023). The

projected outcome is having a quantifiable enhancement in blood pressure levels within the

target population, eventually helping mitigate the risk of associated complications, which include

cardiovascular diseases. By implementing these interventions in the targeted group and

committing to measurable outcomes, the proposed health promotion program will make a

meaningful impact on the well-being of the elderly population affected by high blood pressure in

the Miami community.

Selected Condition and PICOT Question

Population (P): Elderly individuals aged 55 and above in Miami, FL.

Intervention (I): Implementing a comprehensive health promotion program for managing high

blood pressure.

Comparison (C): Standard care.

Outcome (O): reduced blood pressure levels and prevention of complications.

Time (T): For 12months

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For Elderly individuals aged 55 and above in Miami, FL.(P), does Implementing a

comprehensive health promotion program for managing high blood pressure (I), compared

to standard care (C), lead to reduced blood pressure levels and prevention of

complications? (O) over 12 months (T)?

Vulnerable Population

This Health Promotion Program aims to reach the elderly aged 55 years and above in

Miami, Florida. This age group is very vulnerable to many risk factors due to the changing

physiological alterations that come as a person gets old, changing patterns of behavior and

lifestyle, and as well as having coexisting medical conditions. This age group has difficulties that

relate to having problems accessing healthcare services, adhering to prescription medications,

and adopting healthy practices (Mathew et al., 2023). It is also essential to consider

socioeconomic issues like having constrained financial resources and lower levels of educational

achievement, as these elements are linked to intensifying an individual's vulnerability to

developing high blood pressure.

Recognizing the elderly as a susceptible demographic is directly linked to ageism and

may evoke paternalistic kindness and an inclination towards excessive safeguarding, particularly

in the medical field. Beyond the fact that the elderly may have a greater need for medical

attention, which puts them in a more precarious position, ageism is the primary cause of their

vulnerability. This leads us to believe that ageism is a social and, by extension, healthcare

provider issue and not a group feature that makes the elderly more susceptible to harm.

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Review of Literature

In an investigation and synthesis of prior research by utilizing systematic review and

meta-analysis approaches done by Seah et al. (2020), the study examined the efficiency and

effectiveness of community-based self-care interventions customized for older adults suffering

from high blood pressure. In this study, the authors looked at the potential benefits of

community-based therapy that helps improve older adults' physical, psychological, and

behavioral well-being. The findings of this study will stress the implication of community

involvement in fostering favorable health results for elderly adults. According to Seah et al.

(2020), Healthy eating, regular exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), taking

diabetes medication as prescribed, dealing with symptoms and complications, and regular

follow-up appointments are all parts of self-care for type 2 diabetes. In nations with lower life

expectancy, self-care treatments have been rolled out, focusing on people 50 and over, as defined

by the World Health Organisation. Polypharmacy, functional impairments, cognitive impairment,

and fall risk are prevalent aging disorders that disproportionately affect this population.

On top of that, the percentage of older adults living alone who have diabetes has

increased over the last several decades. It will be vital to understand the effectiveness of self-care

in managing diabetes for this population since they will have to handle their illness without a

carer. Since the authors showed that community-based activities improve older individuals'

health and well-being, the proposed health promotion campaign should include them.

Elderly hypertension is linked to mortality, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial

infarction, according to Oliveros et al. (2020). Due to an aging population and rising obesity,

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experts predict one-third of the world population will have hypertension by 2025. Arterial

stiffness, mechanical hemodynamic alterations, neurohormonal and autonomic dysregulation,

and renal decline affect senior outcomes. This paper presents the latest information and

recommendations for treating geriatric hypertension. The study indicated that geriatric

hypertension therapy must be customized due to the patient's frailty, medical comorbidities, and

psychosocial factors. Promotion of non-pharmacological lifestyle changes may reduce

medication use and hypertension. Calcium channel blockers, renin-angiotensin system blockers,

and diuretics may improve elderly cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle changes in younger

generations are needed to avoid hypertension in older adults, a worldwide health and economic

burden. The study emphasizes the need for tailored treatment to help older persons regulate their

blood pressure. This is a significant advance in improving this susceptible group's cardiovascular

health and general well-being.

Model from Theory or Concepts

This research used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to evaluate hyperlipidemia and

hypertension self-management knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in older Miami residents (55

and older). We may use the HBM's constructs—perceived vulnerability, severity, barriers,

benefits, and cues-to-action—to develop therapies that promote health-enhancing behaviors in

these people. Patients with high blood pressure and cholesterol should stay active, eat a heart-

healthy diet, quit smoking, and take their medicines as directed (Zheng et al., 2021). Changes in

behavior and way of life like these have helped people with this illness have fewer adverse

effects. Therefore, this theoretical model will help patients make informed decisions regarding

their health and take proactive measures to help them manage their conditions effectively. This

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theoretical framework will also help empower older persons to proactively manage their blood

pressure and mitigate the risk of problems associated with hypertension through integrating

evidence-based interventions and employing the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework.

References

Mathew, A., Mesa, R. A., Nahodyl, L., Tremblay, J., Rundek, T., Zeki Al Hazzouri, A., & Elfassy,

T. (2023). Differences in Systolic Blood Pressure Among US Adults and Diastolic Blood

Pressure and Cognitive Functioning. 15333175231172283, American Journal of

Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, p. 38.

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Oliveros, E., Madan, N., Goldberg, A., Patel, H., Kyung, S., Fugar, S., & Williams, K. A. (2020).

Assessment, treatment, and obstacles related to hypertension in older persons. 99–107 in

Clinical Cardiology, 43(2).

Seah, S. J., Zheng, H., & Lim, R. B. T. (2020). The effectiveness of community-based self-care

treatments in enhancing the biophysical, psychological, or behavioral outcomes of older

adults with type 2 diabetes who reside in the community was investigated by a systematic

review and meta-analysis. Diabetes: Research and Clinical Practice, p. 169, 108411.