Answer the Ethical Question and include the following:
- Include an ethical theory to support your answer
- Include vocabulary from the chapter in your answer
- Must respond to one student's discussion post answer to this question
Ethical Question:
In your own words, explain what Eternal Return of the Same means.
NO AI, CHEGG, BRAINY, ETC.
200 WORDS
Chapter 4
Theories Responding of Challenge of Cultural Relativism
What is Cultural relativism?
What is the objective of Cultural Relativism?
To respect the culture
To preserve the culture.
To appreciate the other culture.
In the book, cultural relativism is the suspicion that values and morality that are culture specific- They are just what the community believes and not the result of universal reason.
Advantages Vs Disadvantages of Cultural Relativism
ADVANTAGES
Respect For Other Cultures
Excusable Actions
Preserves Cultures
DISADVANTAGES
Good and Bad Is A Strange Concept
No Judgment Is Still A Judgment
Some Actions Are Not Excusable
4.2 Nietzsche’s Eternal Return of the Same
Eternal return of the same
Imagine, Nietzsche proposed, that every decision you make and everything you feel, say, and do will have to be repeated forever—that is, at the end of your life, you die and are immediately reborn right back in the same year and place where everything started the time before, and you do it all again in exactly the same way.
Existence becomes an infinite loop.
Cultural Ethics
An integral part of ethics and vice versa. The culture of a community impacts the progress,development, laws, principles, and to some extent policies.
Suggest deals with the morality, integrity, principles, value of character, and in some cases, even religion.
Reflects the values and morals of a society and therefore, it plays a vital role in the governance of that society.
How Cultural Ethics Works In A Business World?
A gift is something of value given without the expectation of return. A bribe is the same thing given in the hope of influence or benefit.
Going overseas to do business in some places passing money is necessary to spark negotiations and win contracts. In the U.S. this is bribery!
Gifts & Bribes
Advantages vs. disadvantages
Cultural Ethics is neither True or False! It’s a reaction to the world as it is: a place with vastly divergent set of moral codes.
Advantages:
One general advantage of a culturalist ethics is that it allows people to be respectful of others and their culture. A deep component of any society’s existence, uniqueness, and dignity in the world is its signature moral beliefs, what the people find right and wrong.
Disadvantages:
The major disadvantage of a culturalist ethics is that it doesn’t leave any clear path to making things better can be unethical.
4.4 Virtue ethics
Virtue ethics is the idea that we can and should instill those qualities in people and then let them go out into the complex business world confident that they’ll face dilemmas well.
Virtue ethics involves having “good character”.
Advantages vs. disadvantages
Advantages:
The principal advantage of virtue ethics is its flexibility
the confidence that those who are virtuous will be equipped to manage unforeseeable moral dilemmas in unfamiliar circumstances
Disadvantages:
The lack of specificity: the theory doesn’t allow clear, yes-or-no responses to specific problems like whether I should offer a bribe.
Examples of virtue
Wisdom (both theoretical and practical)
Fairness
Courage
Temperance
Prudence
Sincerity
Civility
4.5 Discourse Ethics
Discourse ethics
Discourse ethics reverse the order in which we normally address ethical uncertainties.
Discourse ethics solves dilemmas by asking those involved to discuss the matter reasonably until they can find a consensual and peaceful solution
Discourse ethics allows tremendous latitude in the search for solutions to conflicts, but it risks allowing solutions that many would consider unethical.
Advantages vs disadvantages
Advantages:
The main advantage of discourse ethics is that the search for solutions opens the door all the way. Everything’s on the table. That gives those involved just about the best hope possible for a resolution benefiting everyone joined in the discussion
Disadvantages:
The first drawback is that everything’s on the table. If what’s morally acceptable can be as broad as anything a group agrees to, there’s the potential for ugly solutions.
The second drawback to discourse ethics is that for every ethical dilemma faced, you have to start over.
4.6 Ethics of Care
ETHICS OF CARE
An ethics of care makes the nurturing of our immediate communities and the protecting of those closest to us the highest moral obligation.
Ethics of care in business
In business, an ethics of care asks us to review decisions not in terms of hard rules but in terms of how they will affect the people with whom we share our lives.
An ethics of care humanizes moral decisions, but it threatens tribalism.
An ethics of care switches the focus of moral regulations from the individual to networks of social relationships,
Advantages vs Drawbacks
Advantages:
It can cohere with what we actually do and think we ought to do. In a certain sense, it corresponds with our natural instincts to act in favor of and protect those under our care and those involved in our lives
It humanizes ethics by centering thought on real people instead of cold rules
It allows us to focus our energy and concern on those who are closest to us. The ethics of care allows us to focus our energy naturally on the most immediate human needs
Disadvantages:
it threatens to devolve into tribalism
Ethical dilemmas