Chat with us, powered by LiveChat Describe the evolution of written notes during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Use at least THREE music terms about notation from these chapters with a description and exp - Writingforyou

Describe the evolution of written notes during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.  Use at least THREE music terms about notation from these chapters with a description and exp

 

 Describe the evolution of written notes during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.  Use at least THREE music terms about notation from these chapters with a description and explanation on how those figures work. 1 (four hundred wrd)

 The validity of the Catholic Church was questioned by individuals who began movements to form new types of religions.  Discuss the THREE religions that were formed from this period and THREE pieces of music that were discussed in the PowerPoint.  Discuss how those pieces were unique and exemplified that religion. 

2 separate question 

Unit 1 – Lecture 2 Renaissance Era

MUSI 1307 – Music Lit

In this Lecture, we will cover…

Renaissance Era (1400-1600)

Historical context

Music Developments

Music in England (15th century)

Music of Burgundy

Franco-Flemish Composers

Madrigals & Secular songs (16th century)

Sacred Music of the Reformation

Instrumental Music

Renaissance Era (1400-1600) – Historical Context

1347

Black Death (killed large percent of population)

1431

Joan of Arc executed

1455

Gutenberg press invented & Gutenberg Bible is published

1469

Lorenzo de Medici becomes head of city-state in Florence (Rise of the Medici family)

1485

Henry VIII becomes King of England (beginning House of Tudor)

1492

Columbus discovers America

1495

Leonardo da Vinci paints “Last Supper”

1512

Michelangelo paints the Sistene Chapel

1517

Martin Luther published 95 Theses criticizing Catholic practices

1534

Henry VIII separates Church of England from Church of Rome to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn

1558

Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England

1599

Shakespeare begins writing many great plays

1610

Galileo discovers the moons of Jupiter

Humanism – Petrarch

Religion – Protestant Reformation

Medici family of Florence – translated Plato’s works into Latin

Science & mathematics – Leonardo Da Vinci

Art – focused on experiences

Visual art becomes more realistic, 3 dimensional, focus on depth, skin texture.

Panel from 1337

Painting from 1480

Music Developments

In 15th and 16th centuries, court chapels were growing

Court Musicians served in

(1) the chapel,

(2) the chamber of the King

(3) at public court for events & ceremonies.

Choir schools

Mobility for musicians

Major centers for training musicians

In 15th century, 4 voice texture

In 16th century, 5 voice texture

Equality in all voices

New approaches to musical texture:

Imitative Counterpoint

Homophony

Tuning systems

equal temperament

Chromaticism for expression

Music printing

Looking ahead

I. Music in England

II. Music in Burgundy

III. Polyphonic Mass

IV. Franco-Flemish Composers

V. Madrigals & Secular Songs

VI. Sacred Music of the Reformation

VII. Instrumental Music

I. Music in England (15th Century)

Unique sound – countenance angloise – frequent use of 3rds & 6ths in parallel motion

NEW IDEA: put the chant in the middle voice (farburden)

John Dunstable (ca. 1390-1453)–3-voice sacred works

LISTENING #5 – John Dunstable: Quam pulchra es

II. Music in Burgundy (modern Belgium & northeastern France)

Largest chapels

Sang mostly secular chansons (French texts), motets and settings from Masses

2 main composers:

Gilles de Bins, known as “Binchois” (ca. 1400-1460) – known for chanson and use of hemiola

Guillaume Du Fay, (ca. 1397-1474) – music represented international style of 15th century

Listen: Du Fay: Resvellies vous

More polyphonic settings of Mass Ordinary (MO)

Until 1420, sections of the MO were written as separate pieces

In 15th century, polyphonic mass cycle was standard.

Plainsong Mass – base each movement on existing chant

Motto Mass – use head motif to begin each movement

Cantus Firmus Mass – tenor sings cantus firmus in long notes. 3 or 4 voices

III. Polyphonic Mass

LISTENING #6 – Guillame Du Fay: Missa Se la face ay pale, Gloria

IV. Franco-Flemish Composers (1450-1520)

Most prominent composers came from France, Flanders (northern Belgium) & Netherlands.

More imitation & homophony to match emotions of text

Jean de Ockeghem (ca. 1420-1497) – Chansons used more imitation, equality among voices, longer phrase.

Josquin Deprez (ca. 1450-1521) – reflect meaning of words in music

LISTEN – Josquin Desprez: Mille regretz 4 voice chanson, alternates between homophony and imitation

Josquin Deprez

Spain – Villancico – strophic, syllabic, mostly homophonic

Juan del Encina (1468-1529): Oy comamos y bebamos – LISTEN

Italy – Frottola

Italy – Madrigal – through-composed. 4 then 5 voices

Midcentury Madrigal: Rore: Da le belle contrade d'oriente – LISTEN

Later Madrigal: Gesualdo: ‘’Io Parto’’ e non più dissi – LISTEN

French – Chanson – Lyric Chanson

Germany – Meistersinger – unaccompanied solo song

English – Consort Song and English Madrigal

LISTENING #7 – Thomas Morley: Sing we and chant it – LISTEN

V. Madrigals & Secular Songs of the 16th Century

Morley: Sing we and Chant it (English Madrigal)

VI. Sacred Music of the Reformation

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Lutheran church

German Mass (1526)

Chorales – Luther: Ein feste Burg LISTEN

Jean Calvin (1509-1564)

Calvanist church

Psalm singing – Metrical Psalms

Bourgeois: Psalm 134, “Or sus, serviteurs du Seigneur” LISTEN

What’s a current name for this song?

Jean Calvin

Martin Luther

Church of England – King Henry VIII

Book of Common Prayer

Two forms of Anglican music: SERVICE, ANTHEM

Thomas Tallis (1505-1585) “If Ye Love Me” Early anthem – LISTEN

William Byrd (1540-1623)

LISTENING #8 – “Sing Joyfully unto God”

Counter-Reformation – Council of Trent (1543-1563)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)

“Pope Marcellus Mass: Agnes Dei” – LISTEN

Catholic music in Spain

Thomas Luis de Victoria: O magnum mysterium – LISTEN

VII. Instrumental Music

New Instruments:

Consort (English instrumental group)

Sackbut & crumhorn

Lute

Vihuela

Viol / Viola da gamba

Clavichord, Harpsichord, virginal, clavecin

Clavichord

Lute

Crumhorn

Viol / viola da gamba

Sackbut

Vihuela

5 categories of Instrumental Music

Dance music

Arrangements of vocal music

Settings of existing melodies

Variations

Abstract works

1. Dance Music (Instrumental Music)

Holborne: The Night Watch, Almain (English Dance Music) LISTEN

Renaissance Dances (Pavane 1:48 & Galliard 4:20) WATCH

DANCE METER FORM CHARACTER
Basse Dance Duple or triple Repeated phrases 5 steps in various set patterns
Pavane Duple AABBCC Stately, gliding steps
Galliard Triple AABBCC Lively, with hops, kicks, and leaps
Allemande Couple 2 or 3 repeated strains Moderate, simple steps, begins with upbeat

2. Arrangements of Vocal Music

3. Settings of existing melodies

4. Variations

Byrd: John, Come Kiss Me Now (virginal) – LISTEN

V. Abstract Instrumental Works

Prelude, Fantasia & Ricercare – introduction or pitch center

Toccata

Canzona

Venice: St. Mark’s Basilica

Andrea Gabrieli (1532-1585)

Giovanni Gabrieli (1555-1612)

Polychoral motets

LISTENING #9 – Gabrieli: Canzon septimi toni a 8, from Sacrae symphoniae

Venetian Sonata

Concept of piano and forte

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Unit 2 – Baroque Era

MUSI 1307 – Music Literature

1600-1750

Lecture #1 – New Styles in the 17th century

In this Lecture, we will cover:

Historical Context

New Styles of the 17th Century

Invention of the Opera

Historical Events of 1600-1750

1567-1643 – Monteverdi

1632-1687 – Lully

1668-1733 –Couperin

1685-1759 – Handel

1685-1750 – JS Bach

1603 – Death of Elizabeth I

1620 – Arrival of Pilgrims

1626 – Settlement of New York

1610 – Louis XIII becomes King of France

1618-1648 – 30 years War

1667 – Completion of St. Peter’s Square

1692 – Salem Witch Trials

1616 – Shakespeare’s death

1600 – Began Baroque era – time of change, adventure and discovery

Absolute monarchy – King Louis XIV statement “I am the State”

Religious battles

Baroque architecture in palaces

Versailles & Hall of Mirrors (outside of Paris)

Art, literature & music focused on dramatic

Look at two sculptures of David

David by Michelangelo (1504-Renaissance)

David by Bernini (1624-Baroque)

David by Michelangelo (1504-Renaissance)

David by Bernini (1624-Baroque)

Doctrine of Affections

Joy, Anger, Love, Fear, Excitement & Wonder

Descartes

Greek’s Doctrine of Ethos

Concertato medium/concerted madrigal

Cadenza

Basso continuo – played by Harpsichord or lute

Figured Bass

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

Invention of Opera

Inspiration for Opera

Pastorale Dramas

Madrigal comedy or Madrigal cycles

Intermedio

Florentine Camerata

Guilio Caccini (1550-1618)

Arias

Giulio Caccini: Vedrò 'l mio sol – LISTEN

Jacopo Peri (1561-1633)

first opera “Euridice” based on poem, Dafne

Recitative Style

Peri: “Per quel vago boschettoin” from Euridice LISTENING #1

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)

First to show full potential of opera

Became Maestro di cappella at St. Mark’s Cathedral

Concitato genre / Stile concitato

Monteverdi’s first opera “L’Orfea”

L'Orfeo, excerpt from Act II, Vi ricorda o boschi ombrosi – LISTEN

Teatro San Cassiano (1637)

St. Mark’s Cathedral – he wrote Poppea

L'incoronazione di Poppea Act I, Scene 3, «Signor, deh non partire» LISTENING #2

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Music Literature MUSI 1307

Instructor: Mrs. MINA Kramer

Textbook: A History of Western Music 10th edition by Burkholder, Grout, Palisca

2

Grading Rubric:

5 tests 50%

1 Research Paper 15%

Assignments 15%

Discussions 10%

Concert Review 10%

3

4

5 Time Periods

5

Medieval/Renaissance (400-1600)

Baroque (1600-1750)

Classical (1750-1825)

Romantic (1825-1900)

20th Century (1900+)

UNIT 1 MEDIEVAL / RENAISSANCE ERA

MUSI 1307 – Music Lit

In this Lecture, we will cover:

Antiquity Time Period – 3000 BC-476 AD

History

Music

Medieval Time Period – 476-1400

History

Music

Notation Development

Music in the Church

Secular Music

Medieval Instruments

Polyphony (13th Century)

Polyphony (14th Century)

7

Antiquity (“Ancient Past”) 3000 BC – 476 AD

Rise of Roman empire

Greece – center for learning and philosophy

Plato wrote “The Republic”

Aristotle wrote “Politics”

Oral Tradition

The Parthenon in Greece built in 437 BC

8

Common Instruments from Antiquity

Lyre

Kithara (large Lyre)

Aulos

9

Antiquity

Plato

Aristotle

Monophonic

Tetrachords (4 note sequence)

DISCUSSION: Aristotle and other Greek philosophers believed that music could affect ethos (one’s ethical character or way of behaving). Do you believe that music has such power? What are examples of recent music created to generate a specific emotion or reaction?

Plato

Aristotle

10

Anonymous: Epitaph of Seikilos LISTENING #1

Epitaph is a phrase written in memory of a person who died, sometimes on a tombstone

From 1st century AD

only surviving fully notated composition

Inscribed on a tombstone

What instrument is played?

11

476

Fall of the Roman Empire

525

Calendar invented

1096

First Crusades start

1347

Black Death spreads through Europe