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Compare and contrast the pathophysiology between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a destructive neurodegenerative disease with the progressive dysfunction, structural disorders and decreased numbers of neurons in the brain, which leads to long-term memory impairment and cognitive decline. (Xiong et al., 2022) In Alzheimer disease there is an alteration in the brain include accumulation of extracellular neritic proteins, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons with loss of acetylcholine. This leads to accumulation of plaques and the death of neurons. The exact cause of this is unknown but some aspects have been link to genes. For cognitively normal individuals, risk factors of dementia include higher age and lower education.
Frontotemporal Dementia is the second most common form of early onset dementia, with the greatest prevalence among individuals between 45 and 64 years of age. (Ssali et al., 2022) Frontotemporal dementia is an acquired deterioration and a degenerative disease of the frontal lobes like dementia it involves a progressive failure of many cerebral functions that includes impairment of intellectual processes that decreases in orientation, memory, language, judgement and decision making.
Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer are usually found in individual that are 60 years but the causes of the disease process is different. For Frontotemporal dementia is caused by mutation of gene encoding tau protein and progranulin while Alzheimer are due to mutation on chromosome 21, abnormal presenilin 1 and abnormal presenilin 2.
Identify the clinical findings from the case that supports a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
- Patient got lost in a neighborhood he has lived for 35 years
- Wandering off and had to be carried home by neighbors
- Forgetting he has a security system
- Did not fall
Explain one hypothesis that explains the development of Alzheimer's disease
In Alzheimer disease there is an alteration in the brain include accumulation of extracellular neuritic proteins, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons with loss of acetylcholine. In Alzheimer patient becomes progressively more forgetful over time particularly in relations to more recent events such as a security system. He does not forget information In Alzheimer disease there is an alteration in the brain include accumulation of extracellular neritic proteins, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons with loss of acetylcholine.
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