Touchstone 4: Python Journal Project ASSIGNMENT: For this project, you will learn how to effectively plan, design, develop, and test an original program of your choosing. This program i

Python Journal Template Directions: Follow the directions for each part of the journal template. Include in your response all the elements listed under the Requirements section. Prompts in the Inspiration section are not required; however, they may help you to fully think through your response.

Remember to review the Touchstone page for entry requirements, examples, and grading specifics.

Name: Learner

Date: 03/15/2022

Final Replit Program Share Link: https://replit.com/@Sophia-IPP-Replit/Unit4-Final-Demo#main.py

Complete the following template. Fill out all entries using complete sentences.

Example Python Journal Submission 1

PART 1: Defining Your Problem

Task State the problem you are planning to solve.

Requirements ● Describe the problem you are trying to solve for. ● Describe any input data you expect to use. ● Describe what the program will do to solve the problem. ● Describe any outputs or results the program will provide.

Inspiration When writing your entry below ask yourself the following questions:

● Why do you want to solve this particular problem? ● What source(s) of data do you believe you will need? Will the user need to supply that data, or

will you get it from an external file or another source? ● Will you need to interact with the user throughout the program? Will users continually need to

enter data in and see something to continue? ● What are your expected results or what will be the end product? What will you need to tell a

user of your program when it is complete?

<Write your journal entry response here>

Casino craps is a dice game in which players bet on the outcome of the roll of a pair of dice. The problem to solve is to help a user better understand the odds of winning and losing at casino craps at an actual casino. I will create a simulation of the craps game to solve this problem. When executed, the program will first provide a sample game as an example for the user. Second, the program will ask the user to input the number of games to play. The program will play the requested number of games. After the last game is played, the program will output (display) the results of the games. The program will store a record of the simulations in an external log file. By playing the game multiple times and reviewing the statistics, users will get a better understanding of their chances of winning.

Example Python Journal Submission 2

PART 2: Working Through Specific Examples

Task Write down clear and specific steps to solve a simple version of your problem you identified in Part 1.

Requirements Complete the three steps below for at least two distinct examples/scenarios.

● State any necessary input data for your simplified problem. ● Write clear and specific steps in English (not Python) detailing what the program will do to

solve the problem. ● Describe the specific result of your example/scenario.

Inspiration When writing your entry below ask yourself the following questions:

● Are there any steps that you don’t fully understand? These are places to spend more time working out the details. Consider adding additional smaller steps in these spots.

● Remember that a computer program is very literal. Are there any steps that are unclear? Try giving the steps of your example/scenario to a friend or family member to read through and ask you questions about parts they don’t understand. Rewrite these parts as clearly as you can.

● Are there interesting edge cases for your program? Try to start one of your examples/scenarios with input that matches this edge case. How does it change how your program might work?

<Write your journal entry response here>

Scenario 1: Player loses on first roll:

1. Roll two six-sided random dice for the first time, getting a 1 and a 2. 2. Add the values on the top of the two dice, getting 3. 3. The player loses the game.

Scenario 2: Player wins on first roll:

1. Roll two six-sided random dice for the first time, getting a 3 and a 4. 2. Add the values on the top of the two dice, getting 7. 3. The player wins the game.

Scenario 3: Player loses on a few rolls of the dice:

1. Roll two six-sided random dice for the first time, getting a 1 and a 4. 2. Add the values on the top of the two dice, getting 5. 3. The value is not 2, 3, 7, 11, or 12, so the game continues. 4. Roll the two dice again, getting a 3 and a 6.

Example Python Journal Submission 3

5. Add the values on the top of the two dice to get 9. 6. That value is not equal to either 7 or 5, so the game continues. 7. Roll the two dice again, getting a 4 and a 3. 8. Add the values on the top of the two dice to get 7. 9. The player loses the game.

Example Python Journal Submission 4

PART 3: Generalizing Into Pseudocode

Task Write out the general sequence your program will use, including all specific examples/scenarios you provided in Part 2.

Requirements ● Write pseudocode for the program in English but refer to Python program elements where

they are appropriate. The pseudocode should represent the full functionality of the program, not just a simplified version. Pseudocode is broken down enough that the details of the program are no longer in any paragraph form. One statement per line is ideal.

Help with writing pseudocode ● Here are a few links that can help you write pseudocode with examples. Remember to check

out part 3 of the Example Journal Template Submission if you have not already. Note: everyone will write pseudocode differently. There is no right or wrong way to write it other than to make sure you write it clearly and in as much detail as you can so that it should be easy to convert it to code later.

○ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-write-a-pseudo-code/ ○ https://www.wikihow.com/Write-Pseudocode

Inspiration When writing your entry below ask yourself the following questions:

● Do you see common program elements and patterns in your specific examples/scenarios in Part 2, like variables, conditionals, functions, loops, and classes? These should be part of your pseudocode for the general sequence as well.

● Are there places where the steps for your examples/scenarios in Part 2 diverged? These may be places where errors may occur later in the project. Make note of them.

● When you are finished with your pseudocode, does it make sense, even to a person that does not know Python? Aim for the clearest description of the steps, as this will make it easier to convert into program code later.

<Write your pseudocode here>

Function play() Set the rolled value to roll first dice + roll second dice If the rolled value is equal to 2, 3 or 12

Set player status to lose Else If the rolled value is equal to 7 or 11

Set player status to win Else

Set point value to rolled value Set the rolled value to roll first dice + roll second dice If the rolled value is equal to 7

Set player status to lose Else If rolled value is equal to point value

Set player status to win

Example Python Journal Submission 5

Else Set the rolled value to roll first dice + roll second dice If the rolled value is equal to 7

Set player status to lose Else If rolled value is equal to point value

Set player status to win Else

Reroll again and continue over and over.

Main Program Set Wins = 0 Set Losses = 0 Set Total of Win Rolls = 0 Set Total of Loss Rolls = 0 Set Games Played to 0

Input Times to Play from user Loop until Games Played = Times to Play

Add 1 to Games Played Call function play() Get if the player won or lost Get the number of rolls If the player won

Add 1 to Wins Add the rolls values to the Total of Win Rolls

Else if player lost Add 1 to Losses Add the rolls values to the Total of Loss Rolls

Average Number of Rolls Per Win = Total of Win Rolls / Wins Average Number of Rolls Per Loss = Total of Loss Rolls / Loss Winning Percentage = Wins / Games Played Output results

Example Python Journal Submission 6

PART 4: Testing Your Program

Task While writing and testing your program code, describe your tests, record any errors, and state your approach to fixing the errors.

Requirements ● For each test case, describe how your choices for the test helped you understand whether the

program was running correctly or not. For each error that occurs while writing and testing your code:

● Record the details of the error from Replit. A screenshot or copy-and-paste of the text into the journal entry is acceptable.

● Describe what you attempted in order to fix the error. Clearly identify what approach was the one that worked.

Inspiration When writing your entry below ask yourself the following questions:

● Have you tested edge cases and special cases for the inputs of your program code? Often these unexpected values can cause errors in the operation of your program.

● Have you tested opportunities for user error? If a user is asked to provide an input, what happens when they give the wrong type of input, like a letter instead of a number, or vice versa?

<Record your errors and fixes here>

After changing my initial code in the main program to check for invalid user entries by adding the try and except statements, I noticed it handled the invaid input (no error) but would stop after that and not request another entry from the user. Here was my initial code:

def main(): #play one game print("Running one sample game in full:") playOneGame() number = 0 #play multiple games based on the entry by the user user_input = input("How many games would you want to have tested: ")

try: number = int(user_input) playMultipleGames(number)

except ValueError: print("Please enter in a number for the number of games.")

And the output did handle the exception of the letter “a” as input but the program stopped. The output looking like this.

Example Python Journal Submission 7

I want the program to prompt the user again to enter another input until a valid number has been entered. I then added a while loop. By using this loop this will repeat while the variable number is equal to zero. The loop will continue to ask the user for a value user until a valid number is set. I changed my code to look like this (while loop statement is bolded):

def main(): #play one game print("Running one sample game in full:") playOneGame() number = 0 #play multiple games based on the entry by the user while number == 0: user_input = input("How many games would you want to have tested: ") try: number = int(user_input) playMultipleGames(number)

except ValueError: print("Please enter in a number for the number of games.")

Now after adding in the <code>while</code> loop, I ran the code again and entered in the letter “a” as input. When doing so, the program then prompted me again to enter in the number of games rather than ending the program. This solves the issue of the program ending now.

Example Python Journal Submission 8

PART 5: Commenting Your Program

Task Submit your full program code, including thorough comments describing what each portion of the program should do when working correctly.

Requirements ● The purpose of the program and each of its parts should be clear to a reader that does not

know the Python programming language.

Inspiration When writing your entry, you are encouraged to consider the following:

● Is each section or sub-section of your code commented to describe what the code is doing? ● Give your code with comments to a friend or family member to review. Add additional

comments to spots that confuse them to make it clearer.

<Copy your full program code here, including comments>

Comments are colored in red. There are three modules/classes to this program.

—-The main.py file—-

#This game plays the game of dice called craps where #Players would bet on the outcomes of a pair of dice rolls. #If the sum of the dice is 2, 3 or 12, the player loses immediately. #If the sum of the dice is 7 or 11, they win immediately. #The purpose of the program is to simulate the results between two players

from player import Player

#Importing the datetime to get the current date and time from datetime import datetime

#This function is created to play a single game and print out the results after each roll. def playOneGame():

player = Player() while not player.isWinner() and not player.isLoser():

player.rollDice() print(player)

if player.isWinner(): print("You win!")

else: print("You lose!")

#This function is created to play multiple games and outputs the results based on the number of games selected.

Example Python Journal Submission 9

def playMultipleGames(number): #Initializing the variables wins = 0 losses = 0 winRolls = 0 lossRolls = 0

#Looping through the number of executions for count in range(number):

player = Player() hasWon = player.play() rolls = player.getNumberOfRolls() if hasWon:

wins += 1 winRolls += rolls

else: losses += 1 lossRolls += rolls

#Calculating the statistics print("The total number of wins is", wins) print("The total number of losses is", losses) if wins > 0: print("The average number of rolls per win is %0.2f" %

(winRolls / wins)) if losses > 0: print("The average number of rolls per loss is %0.2f" %

(lossRolls / losses))

print("The winning percentage is %0.3f" % (wins / number)) print("The multi-game has been saved into the log.")

logStats(wins, losses, winRolls, lossRolls, number)

#This function will log each multi game run to include the date/time and the details of the run def logStats(wins, losses, winRolls