The information you will obtain corresponds to the National Income equation:
Y = C + I + G + (X – M).
Where:
Y = Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C = Household Consumption Expenditure (Private Consumption)
I = Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Gross Fixed Capital Formation or national investment)
G = Government Consumption Expenditure
X = Exports of Goods and Services X = Exports of Goods and Services
M = Imports of Goods and Services (Imports of Goods and Services)
(X – M) = Balance of Trade Balance
Respond to the following questions:
1. Compare the six countries, analyze what the differences are, and what your conclusions are regarding the policies of these countries and the social results.
The Excel file has the information of 6 countries only as an example, and the bar graph looks like this:
In the same Excel file, look at the graphed called USA 40 years copied below:
2. What has been the trend in each component of National Income for the United States?
3. What component of National Income is the highest?
4. Has the U.S. balance of trade been in surplus or deficit over the past years?
In the same Excel file attached, look at the Trade Balance graph, which is copied below:
Respond to the following questions:
5. In the United States, has the net real balance of trade been in surplus or deficit over the past 40 years?
6. What has been the trend in the trade balance, is the deficit increasing or decreasing? Analyze what happened to this indicator during the 2008 financial crisis. Why do you think the trade balance deficit decreased during the financial crisis?
Has real GDP increased or decreased over time? Can you identify some of the economic cycles?
7. Based on 4 and 5, can you say that the current account deficit is detrimental to U.S. economic growth? Why?
6 countries
| Brazil | Germany | USA | China | Russia | Honduras | |
| Gross Domestic Product, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 9,915,316.40 | 3,867,050.00 | 25,462,722.30 | 2,827,009.00 | 106,967,459.40 | 684,203.80 |
| Household Consumption Expenditure, incl. NPISHs, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 6,253,772.60 | 1,978,937.00 | 17,357,163.00 | 1,882,407.00 | 52,914,237.70 | 580,473.30 |
| Government Consumption Expenditure, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 1,788,102.40 | 848,404.00 | 3,591,043.00 | 404,294.00 | 22,148,603.80 | 100,030.70 |
| Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 1,866,316.00 | 872,285.00 | 5,330,678.50 | 452,771.00 | 23,272,464.40 | 154,006.20 |
| Change in Inventories, Nominal, Domestic Currency | -67,346.80 | 87,896.00 | 158,872.50 | -28,683.00 | 2,386,833.60 | 10,166.80 |
| Exports of Goods and Services, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 1,987,578.50 | 1,946,590.00 | 2,975,843.00 | 5,468,626.00 | 27,301,457.20 | 263,167.60 |
| Imports of Goods and Services, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 1,913,106.30 | 1,867,062.00 | 3,950,878.00 | 5,352,406.00 | 21,992,422.20 | 423,640.80 |
| Brazil | Germany | USA | China | Russia | Honduras | |
| Gross Domestic Product, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Household Consumption Expenditure | 63% | 51% | 68% | 67% | 49% | 85% |
| Government Consumption Expenditure | 18% | 22% | 14% | 14% | 21% | 15% |
| Gross Fixed Capital Formation | 19% | 23% | 21% | 16% | 22% | 23% |
| Change in Inventories | -1% | 2% | 1% | -1% | 2% | 1% |
| Net Exports of Goods and Services | 1% | 2% | -4% | 4% | 5% | -23% |
| Exports of Goods and Services | 20% | 50% | 12% | 193% | 26% | 38% |
| Imports of Goods and Services, Nominal | 19% | 48% | 16% | 189% | 21% | 62% |
Chart 6 countries
National Accounts. GDP components
Household Consumption Expenditure Brazil Germany USA China Russia Honduras 0.63071841055924338 0.51174331855031618 0.68166957152103091 0.6658652307084979 0.49467602574470421 0.84839239419599832 Government Consumption Expenditure Brazil Germany USA China Russia Honduras 0.180337402041956 0.21939307741042913 0.14103138532049261 0.14301121786311966 0.20705926759629106 0.14620015264457753 Gross Fixed Capital Formation Brazil Germany USA China Russia Honduras 0.18822556181868286 0.22556858587295225 0.20935226160008821 0.16015902319377123 0.21756583292282997 0.22508819740550989 Change in Inventories Brazil Germany USA China Russia Honduras -6.7921987844986971E-3 2.2729470785223877E-2 6.2394153354136846E-3 -1.0146058961962979E-2 2.2313642049537171E-2 1.4859315309268961E-2 Net Exports of Goods and Services Brazil Germany USA China Russia Honduras 7.5108243646163364E-3 2.0565547381078575E-2 -3.8292645558955021E-2 4.1110587196574233E-2 4.9632243579302932E-2 -0.23454005955535479
USA 40 years
| Gross Domestic Product and Components selected indicators | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: International Financial Statistics (IFS) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metadata by Country (IFS) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Accounts, Current Prices | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | National Accounts, Current Prices | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicator | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Base Year | Scale | ||||||||||
| Gross Domestic Product | $ 3,343,789 | $ 3,634,037 | $ 4,037,614 | $ 4,338,981 | $ 4,579,633 | $ 4,855,216 | $ 5,236,438 | $ 5,641,580 | $ 5,963,145 | $ 6,158,129 | $ 6,520,327 | $ 6,858,559 | $ 7,287,237 | $ 7,639,749 | $ 8,073,122 | $ 8,577,553 | $ 9,062,817 | $ 9,631,172 | $ 10,250,952 | $ 10,581,929 | $ 10,929,108 | $ 11,456,450 | $ 12,217,196 | $ 13,039,197 | $ 13,815,583 | $ 14,474,227 | $ 14,769,862 | $ 14,478,067 | $ 15,048,970 | $ 15,599,732 | $ 16,253,970 | $ 16,843,196 | $ 17,550,688 | $ 18,206,024 | $ 18,695,106 | $ 19,477,337 | $ 20,533,058 | $ 21,380,976 | $ 21,060,474 | $ 23,315,081 | $ 25,462,722 | NGDP_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Household Consumption Expenditure | 2,071,256.30 | 2,281,604.50 | 2,492,340.30 | 2,712,830.00 | 2,886,278.00 | 3,076,279.30 | 3,330,012.50 | 3,576,757.50 | 3,808,994.50 | 3,943,448.80 | 4,197,559.30 | 4,451,984.00 | 4,720,965.00 | 4,962,590.50 | 5,244,595.50 | 5,536,790.30 | 5,877,248.00 | 6,283,757.50 | 6,767,179.50 | 7,073,801.30 | 7,348,940.80 | 7,740,749.50 | 8,231,960.30 | 8,769,066.00 | 9,277,235.50 | 9,746,593.50 | 10,050,083.50 | 9,891,218.30 | 10,260,256.30 | 10,698,857.00 | 11,047,363.00 | 11,363,527.80 | 11,847,725.30 | 12,263,476.50 | 12,693,265.50 | 13,233,608.80 | 13,904,979.50 | 14,392,721.00 | 14,116,165.80 | 15,902,575.50 | 17,357,163.00 | NCP_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Government Consumption Expenditure | 554,529.50 | 595,393.00 | 634,727.80 | 690,640.00 | 737,989.00 | 776,892.80 | 820,454.30 | 881,428.80 | 948,186.00 | 1,004,857.00 | 1,048,383.00 | 1,073,039.80 | 1,108,101.00 | 1,141,743.00 | 1,172,888.80 | 1,220,528.30 | 1,267,607.50 | 1,351,427.30 | 1,437,588.00 | 1,538,150.80 | 1,645,818.80 | 1,746,378.00 | 1,851,920.00 | 1,962,027.30 | 2,072,953.30 | 2,198,532.00 | 2,353,439.80 | 2,433,429.00 | 2,511,046.30 | 2,511,310.50 | 2,515,439.50 | 2,532,645.30 | 2,566,253.80 | 2,608,983.00 | 2,663,108.00 | 2,726,560.00 | 2,866,932.50 | 3,008,779.00 | 3,138,376.00 | 3,353,730.80 | 3,591,043.00 | NCGG_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Gross Fixed Capital Formation | 752,891.00 | 814,431.50 | 947,867.00 | 1,027,704.00 | 1,080,663.50 | 1,119,665.00 | 1,176,881.50 | 1,242,441.00 | 1,269,272.30 | 1,238,831.30 | 1,292,795.80 | 1,377,894.80 | 1,486,873.30 | 1,594,003.30 | 1,721,214.50 | 1,851,279.00 | 2,016,952.80 | 2,194,721.30 | 2,372,713.50 | 2,385,008.80 | 2,354,118.80 | 2,477,183.00 | 2,703,389.50 | 2,990,493.00 | 3,182,858.00 | 3,231,084.00 | 3,136,449.50 | 2,723,344.50 | 2,756,059.50 | 2,922,918.50 | 3,171,573.00 | 3,321,885.50 | 3,562,779.50 | 3,722,978.80 | 3,808,723.00 | 4,021,712.50 | 4,295,134.50 | 4,485,471.00 | 4,489,254.30 | 4,939,579.00 | 5,330,678.50 | NFI_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Change in Inventories | -14,913.50 | -5,751.00 | 65,405.00 | 21,824.50 | 6,570.50 | 27,149.00 | 18,482.30 | 27,693.30 | 14,546.30 | -394.30 | 16,327.80 | 20,813.50 | 63,784.50 | 31,173.80 | 30,799.30 | 70,926.50 | 63,719.30 | 60,815.50 | 54,544.50 | -38,284.00 | 19,974.80 | 14,094.00 | 64,067.30 | 57,513.30 | 68,989.30 | 33,950.00 | -29,241.30 | -150,771.80 | 53,917.30 | 46,262.00 | 71,211.80 | 104,530.80 | 83,966.00 | 136,784.80 | 36,258.50 | 32,189.50 | 59,088.30 | 72,789.00 | -55,822.50 | -19,090.80 | 158,872.50 | NINV_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Trade balance | -19,974.20 | -51,642.00 | -102,726.80 | -114,018.00 | -131,868.70 | -144,769.80 | -109,393.00 | -86,741.20 | -77,854.50 | -28,613.80 | -34,738.00 | -65,173.50 | -92,487.00 | -89,761.20 | -96,376.50 | -101,971.20 | -162,710.80 | -259,550.00 | -381,073.20 | -376,747.20 | -439,744.70 | -521,955.30 | -634,141.00 | -739,902.70 | -786,453.00 | -735,932.70 | -740,870.00 | -419,153.30 | -532,308.50 | -579,616.70 | -551,617.70 | -479,394.20 | -510,036.70 | -526,199.00 | -506,249.80 | -536,734.00 | -593,077.20 | -578,784.30 | -627,499.20 | -861,713.30 | -975,035.00 | ||||||||||||
| Exports of Goods and Services, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 283,209.80 | 276,996.30 | 302,380.50 | 303,210.50 | 320,998.30 | 363,943.00 | 444,600.80 | 504,289.30 | 551,873.00 | 594,930.50 | 633,052.80 | 654,799.30 | 720,937.30 | 812,810.30 | 867,589.30 | 953,802.80 | 952,979.00 | 992,910.30 | 1,096,110.80 | 1,026,811.80 | 997,979.30 | 1,035,164.50 | 1,176,362.50 | 1,301,579.80 | 1,470,170.30 | 1,659,294.80 | 1,835,280.50 | 1,582,773.50 | 1,857,246.80 | 2,115,863.80 | 2,217,699.80 | 2,286,981.30 | 2,377,408.30 | 2,268,650.50 | 2,232,109.50 | 2,388,260.00 | 2,538,088.80 | 2,538,450.50 | 2,148,615.80 | 2,539,648.00 | 2,975,843.00 | NX_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Imports of Goods and Services, Nominal, Domestic Currency | 303,184.00 | 328,638.30 | 405,107.30 | 417,228.50 | 452,867.00 | 508,712.80 | 553,993.80 | 591,030.50 | 629,727.50 | 623,544.30 | 667,790.80 | 719,972.80 | 813,424.30 | 902,571.50 | 963,965.80 | 1,055,774.00 | 1,115,689.80 | 1,252,460.30 | 1,477,184.00 | 1,403,559.00 | 1,437,724.00 | 1,557,119.80 | 1,810,503.50 | 2,041,482.50 | 2,256,623.30 | 2,395,227.50 | 2,576,150.50 | 2,001,926.80 | 2,389,555.30 | 2,695,480.50 | 2,769,317.50 | 2,766,375.50 | 2,887,445.00 | 2,794,849.50 | 2,738,359.30 | 2,924,994.00 | 3,131,166.00 | 3,117,234.80 | 2,776,115.00 | 3,401,361.30 | 3,950,878.00 | NM_XDC | Millions | ||||||||||
| Indicator | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |