Why is conciliation controversial?
a.A facilitator imposes a settlement.
b.It gives management time to stockpile.
c.It is always required in labour disputes.
d.It favours unions because conciliators often take the union side.
What is the purpose of having a single spokesperson during collective bargaining?
a.protects confidential information
b.protects management and union relationships
c.manages unrealistic expectations
d.eliminates conflict within bargaining teams
Workers in which of the following sectors are represented by Canada’s largest unions?
a.municipal/provincial/federal government services
b.healthcare
c.transportation and communications
d.banking and financial services
What terms refers to the idea that a single union represents all workers of an occupational group?
a.pure unionism
b.political nonpartisanship
c.business unionism
d.exclusive jurisdiction
Which sector has been hit the hardest by competitive pressures and job losses?
a.construction
b.agriculture
c.manufacturing
d.public sector
Why is the determination of the bargaining unit an important labour relations issue?
a.Certification thresholds depend on the size of the unit.
b.Labour boards cannot make this determination.
c.It is based on management interests.
d.Employer structure can alter the bargaining unit.
Which of the following best explains why independent unions have limited social and political objectives?
a.They are nonpartisan organizations.
b.They are opposed to collective bargaining.
c.Local company conditions are their priority.
d.They lack the financial power of large membership.
In the context of elasticity of demand, what does “steep demand” mean?
a.A large increase in the quantity demanded will cause a large increase in wages.
b.A small increase in the quantity demanded will cause a small increase in wages.
c.A large increase in the quantity demanded will cause a small increase in wages.
d.A small increase in the quantity demanded will cause a large increase in wages.
Which statement best describes certification procedures in Canada?
a.Employee votes are not legally binding.
b.Certification may occur without a vote in some provinces.
c.Management can have a say in selecting the union.
d.All provinces require unions to win a vote of the employees
What does language in collective agreements concerning vacations often include?
a.the order in which employees can choose vacation
b.calculations of vacation seniority
c.individual employees’ vacation entitlements and use
d.specification of the statutory minimum standards
Management demonstrates that an employee was aware of job requirements, was capable of performing these requirements, and chose to do otherwise. What does this prove?
a.alleged event took place
b.mitigating factors exist
c.employee is culpable
d.violation of the collective agreement
Which of the following contributes to achieving a contract zone?
a.The parties are new to the relationship.
b.The parties have a shared understanding of what is an acceptable wage package.
c.The economic conditions change dramatically.
d.The parties share an understanding that there will be the potential to strike or lockout.
What is a typical management response to a wildcat strike?
a.ask for a court order to send workers back to their jobs
b.fire striking workers
c.deduct wages for each lost day of work
d.ask for a work order to obtain replacement workers
What has developed as a result of the long delays, high costs, and increasing legalistic nature of the grievance arbitration process?
a.grievance mediation
b.conciliation
c.final offer arbitration
d.tripartite arbitration
Which organization formed in 1956 was a unification between skilled and unskilled workers?
a.Canadian Trades and Labour Congress
b.Unifor
c.One Big Union
d.Canadian Labour Congress
Which form of negotiations involves two parties competing over a limited resource?
a.intra-organizational bargaining
b.zero-sum bargaining
c.principled bargaining
d.integrative bargaining
Unions often seek collective agreement language that provides some form of union security. Which of the following is an example of this?
a.dues check off
b.holidays
c.wages
d.breaks
Which of the following is a formal complaint that a specific clause in the collective agreement has been violated?
a.grievance
b.strike
c.appeal
d.complaint
Which of the following is often included in technology-change language?
a.union restrictions on the use of technology
b.employee process for grieving technological change
c.employee being notified of technological change
d.restrictions concerning distribution of technical work
Which two key areas did Dunlop see as critical to the employment relationship?
a.Product and labour
b.Demand and supply
c.Labour and supply
d.Product and services
In an effort to provide alternatives to legal action, what can be said of many nonunion workplaces with respect to ADR?
a.They find ADR too rigid and bureaucratic.
b.They are moving to forms of ADR because they see value in this process.
c.They see some value in ADR but find the process too costly.
d.They do not see the value on ADR and feel this method is superficial.
In bargaining, a union and an employer have reached a tentative deal that, as a compromise, allows existing employees to keep their defined benefit pensions, while new hires will be on a defined contribution plan. What is such bargaining commonly referred to as?
a.concession bargaining
b.compromise bargaining
c.two-tier bargaining
d.dual-split bargaining
Which of the following is a comprehensive human resources strategy designed to improve organizational performance?
a.high-performance work practices
b.participative management
c.strategic human resources management
d.human relations
Just-cause clauses require employers to have a valid reason (just cause) before terminating an employee. Which group of employees are often excluded from this clause?
a.probationary employees
b.apprentices
c.disciplined employees
d.laid off employees
What is unique to the role of government as an employer compared to a private-sector employer?
a.Governments are associated with the courts.
b.Government also plays the role of a neutral third party.
c.Government employers have limited access to arbitration.
d.Government is also the consumer of services.
In a unionized firm, which job evaluation approach is most likely to be used?
a.point factor
b.whole job comparison
c.job analysis
d.job ranking
Why might it sometimes be harder to unionize larger workplaces than smaller ones?
a.Workers are afraid of losing seniority.
b.Workers are more likely to be ideologically against unions.
c.They may have more resources to resists unionization.
d.It can be difficult coordinate a larger group of people.
What does “grievance denied” mean in an arbitration ruling?
a.Management’s position is supported, and changes are awarded.
b.Management’s position is not supported, and changes are awarded.
c.Management’s position is not supported, and no changes are awarded.
d.Management’s position is supported, and no changes are awarded.
Why has Dunlop’s systems approach been criticized over the past 30 years?
a.It lacks explanatory power.
b.It is too simplistic.
c.It is more theoretical than practical.
d.It overestimates the importance of power and conflict.
What features of collective bargaining make it more complex than individual negotiations?
a.It is secret and contentious.
b.It involves different types of issues.
c.It lasts longer and costs more.
d.It involves exaggerated positions and trust.
What term refers to the amount of time a person has belonged to a union?
a.employment record
b.longevity history
c.employment history
d.seniority
According to Marshall’s conditions, when will unions have more power?
a.when the market for substitutes is competitive
b.when product markets are very competitive
c.when there is less competition in the firm’s product market
d.when it is easy to substitute labour for capital
What phenomenon resulted from scientific management and mass production?
a.stricter labour legislation
b.decline of craft unionism
c.greater labour-management cooperation
d.rise of craft unionism
Which of the following is an example of employer-union member pressure?
a.settlements by rival unions
b.loss of income during a strike
c.temporary replacement employees
d.decreased stock price
What was a key feature of new-model unionism?
a.Unions favoured strike action.
b.Apprenticeships were excluded.
c.It provided a free supply of labour.
d.All members performed the same trade or specialty.