Article Title: COVID-19, societal threats, and social psychology’s self-imposed constraint by Yoshihisa Kashima
Article Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajsp.12464
1. What previous theory/research was known about this topic? BE VERY SPECIFIC AND PROVIDE A LOT OF DETAILS.
2. What did the authors hope to add to the existing literature that was either missing or not previously explored? In other words, what was their rationale for doing the present study? Provide a lot of details.
3. What specific hypotheses did the authors make, if any? (if no clear hypotheses were made, state either the research question(s) or devise a plausible hypothesis of your own.) Provide a lot of details.
4. Name the independent variable(s), their levels, and their operational definitions. Be sure to state the overall independent variable and not just the levels. For example, if you are comparing men, women, gender non-binary participants on some dependent variable, the overall IV is gender and the levels are, male, female, gender non-binary. If you are comparing the effect of alcohol consumption on some task, the overall IV is Alcohol consumption, and reasonable levels might be, 0 ounces consumed, 6 ounces consumed, 12 ounces consumed, and so on.
5. Name the dependent variable(s) and their operational definitions. Dependent variables don’t have levels per se – there might be a range of responses but don’t refer to them as levels. For example, when using the alcohol study above, you would randomly assign participants to one of the 3-4 levels listed above and your DVs might be driving ability. You give your participants a computerized driving course test that scores them for keeping appropriate speed as posted, staying inside their lane, keeping a safe distance from the car in front of them, and so on. This results in a final score and higher scores indicate safe driving. You might also take them into a parking lot and have them drive a real care in a cone path where their goal is to drive carefully and not knock over any cones. The number of cones hit indicates safe driving, with lower scores meaning safe and higher scores meaning not safe. The two tasks here are separate DVS and the tasks are a range of behaviors within the task, not levels.
6. What were the significant findings and were the hypotheses confirmed? Be specific here and look for test of hypotheses. Most studies present their most impressive findings first. Go back and look at the hypotheses, did they find support for their predictions?
7. What is the applied value of this study? What does it mean out in the real world? Why is it important that we have seen support for example, that increased amounts of alcohol impair driving ability?
8. List and define any important terms integral to the study. Don’t define the mundane – here we are looking for terms specific to psychology, and/or methodology. No need to define what an independent variable or dependent variable are, but something like, “the hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts,” needs a definition.
DO NOT SUBMIT THIS WITHOUT AN ABUNDANCE OF DETAILS. THANK YOU!