Instructions

This week you will be submitting your final paper. Your final paper should consist of the following sections:

Title Page of the Paper. The title of your paper should be brief but should adequately inform the reader of your general topic and the specific focus of your research. Keywords relating to parameters, population, and other specifics are useful. The Title Page must include the title, name, course name and number, and Professor's Name.

Introduction, Research Question, and Hypothesis: This section shall provide an overview of the topic that you are writing about, a concise synopsis of the issues, and why the topic presents a "puzzle" that prompts your research questions, which you will include. End your introduction with your research question.

Review of the Literature: All research projects include a literature review to set out for the reader what knowledge exists on the subject under study and helps the researcher develop the research strategy to use in the study. A good literature review is a thoughtful study of what has been written, a summary of the arguments that exist (whether you agree with them or not), arranged thematically. At the end of the summary, there should still be gaps in the literature that you intend to fill with your research. It is written in narrative format and can be from 5-6 pages depending on the scope and length of the paper.

As a literature review, this section should identify the common themes and theories that the prior research identified. In this section, what you do is look at the conclusions of prior research and identify what the common themes are you see in those conclusions. You then identify those themes. The APUS online library has some helpful information on what a literature review is: http://www.apus.edu/apus-library/resources-services/Writing/writing-center/graduate-writing/the-literature-review.html

Methodology and Research Strategy: This section provides the reader with a description of how you carried out your qualitative research project, and the variables you identified and analyzed. It describes any special considerations and defines any limitations and terms specific to this project, if necessary. This section can be brief or more complicated, depending on the project, written in 1-2 pages.

Analysis and findings are not the same as conclusions. In the analysis component of this section you identify how you analyzed the data. The second part is the finding you got from your analysis of the data. The findings are the facts that you developed, not your interpretation of the facts. That interpretation is conducted in the conclusions and recommendations section of the paper. Findings will come from the prior research you examined and your analysis of those prior findings to create new findings for your paper. While there may be some facts that are such that they will stand and translate to your paper, the intent is to create new knowledge, so you will normally analyze the data to create your own findings of what facts that data represents.

Conclusions and Recommendations is the section where you give your interpretation of the data. Here you tell the reader what the findings mean. Often the conclusions and recommendations sections will mirror the findings in construct as the researcher tells the reader what that researcher sees as the meaning of that data, their conclusions. Then, drawing on those conclusions, the researcher tells the reader what they believe needs to be done to solve/answer the research question. This section may include recognition of any needs for further research and then finishes with a traditional conclusion to the paper as a whole.

Remember, your paper should seek to answer a question that helps to solve the research puzzle you identified.

Technical Requirements

Your paper must be at a minimum of 13-15 pages (the Title and Reference pages do not count towards the minimum limit).
Scholarly and credible references should be used. A good rule of thumb is at least 2 scholarly sources per page of content.
Type in Times New Roman, 12 point and double space.
Students will follow the current APA Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework.
Points will be deducted for the use of Wikipedia or encyclopedic type sources. It is highly advised to utilize books, peer-reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.

I attached the final paper template that needs to be used for this assignment.

Also, I attached all the research papers that has been used to build up to this final paper. This will need to be used to help to write the final paper. The "Literature Review" is the most recent.

Running head: Paper Title

PORTFOLIO PROJECT PART 1

Paper Title

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Course Number/Title

Date

Professor’s Name

Abstract

Begin typing your abstract paragraph here. This paragraph should not be indented. It should range between 150 and 250 words. After typing your abstract there should be a page break and the body of the paper will begin on the next page. This should be accurate, non-evaluative, readable, and concise. This is the most important single paragraph in this paper. Tell the reader what the paper will do. This paper will analyze xyz….

Keywords: APA, style, template

Introduction

Type your introduction here….

Literature Review

Type your literature review here….

Methodology and Research Strategy

Type your research design…..

Analysis and Findings

Type your findings here…..

Conclusion and Recommendations

Begin writing here……

References

Lastname, C. (2008). Title of the source without caps except Proper Nouns or: First word after colon. The Journal or Publication Italicized and Capped, Vol#(Issue#), Page numbers.

Lastname, O. (2010). Online journal using DOI or digital object identifier. Main Online Journal Name, Vol#(Issue#), 159-192. doi: 10.1000/182

Lastname, W. (2009). If there is no DOI use the URL of the main website referenced. Article Without DOI Reference, Vol#(Issue#), 166-212. Retrieved from http://www.mainwebsite.org

Research Question & Thesis Statement Assignment

Private Sector Homeland Security

American Military University

HLSS498

15 Nov 20

Research Question: How can the United States leverage U.S. based and owned Private Sectors to enhance and improve Homeland Security?

The protection of critical infrastructure is a collective responsibility and partnership between the private and public sectors is vital. The private sector operates 85% of the national critical infrastructure and there is need to integrate them in enhancing protection and management of domestic incidents through a unified approach, (Cellucci, 2018). The law enforcement and private sector partnerships play a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of Homeland Security and security of critical national infrastructure as well as terrorism. The United States can leverage private sectors to enhance “Department of Homeland Security” (DHS) through collaboration strategies. The public and private sectors can coordinate to share resources and information to attain mutual goals. The partnerships would lead to improve creative and innovative problem solving tactics. The law enforcement can synchronize efforts to defend the critical infrastructure of the nation and gain unrestricted training services from the U.S based and owned private sectors, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015).

The integration of private sectors in Homeland Security can help improve the evacuation, transportation, and food services in the event of emergencies can improve on the response time and efficacy to the needs of the public. Also, after disasters there will be reduced recovery time which is beneficial to the DHS, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015). It provides an opportunity to bring together the intelligence community to explore ideas and alternative perspectives in real-time, (McAleenan, 2019). New knowledge and recommendations will be obtained on how to further the national security goals and improve the priorities of the intelligence community, (Department of Homeland Security. (n.d). Data, intelligence and information sharing will be improved in the DHS.

Information sharing means that resources have to be deployed, critical incident response plans have to be put in place, infrastructure protection, liability minimization, and enhanced communication, (Busch & Givens, 2012). The private sector has improved communication technology that can be used by DHS to have access to communities. The surveillance and monitoring efforts will be improved to counter terrorism and acts of targeted violence that are difficult to predict using the DHS’s systems. The partnerships will enhance preparedness and readiness of potential attacks. The technologies will help predict vulnerabilities and gaps as well as understanding the risks that communities are likely to encounter, (McAleenan, 2019). The DHS partnership with the private sector stakeholders leads to better federal efforts in the mitigation of national infrastructure and critical assets.

Crime prevention in the HS will be improved because private sectors can share information about the unusual behaviors and suspicions acquired through the technologies with law enforcement. Private sectors have technical knowledge that the DHS may lack thereby providing resource sharing opportunities to mitigate criminal activities at local, state and federal levels, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015). The private sectors can use their advanced technologies to predict and identify the changing nature of terrorism and targeted violence on the lands of the U.S. Private sectors can coordinate and collaborate with policy makers and legislators to facilitate laws that can assist the homeland security, (Hemme, 2015).Moreover, the private sector can provide research and guidelines that are related to emerging issues in the homeland security department. DHS will help private sectors to build and sustain capabilities that are required for protection, prevention, mitigation, response and recovery of significant and potential threats, (McAleenan, 2019). The Homeland Security will improve extensively since the private sectors have the best resources to handle outside threats. The DHS needs to adapt the intelligence capabilities and apply them to new security landscapes and be in a position to craft responses that are innovative.

Thesis statement: The Department of Homeland Security must continue to have a robust program in engaging private sector companies and build partnerships that will protect our National Security and interests. DHS stands ready to defend the U.S citizens and the way of life against external threats through a collaborative approach with private entities and U.S public agencies. The partnership program provides the DHS with access to expertise and strengths of the private sector in the mitigation of cybersecurity threats and physical security risks, (Brody, 2020). Homeland security is a collective responsibility, the government cannot address and meet their needs solely; there is a necessity to create a strong partnership that involves potential stakeholders such as the energy sector and communications, (Cellucci, 2018).

Purpose Statement: The purpose of this paper is to provide information on how the United States Department of Homeland Security and other U.S. government entities can enhance and improve the country’s Homeland Security by partnering with Private Sector companies. In this paper, I will also cover how to address emerging technologies and how to combat vulnerabilities. The paper will address the benefits of partnering with private sectors in the U.S to Homeland Security and national security. Information sharing is a common aspect covered in DHS and private sector partnership and the exchange of information offers substantial details to solution designers based on the description of the issue, (Harrell, 2017). Due to the increased access to private sector technologies, the paper will look at the opportunities that partnership facets provide. How the deployment of multi-technologies in the Homeland Security improves functionality and crime prevention will be addressed in this study, (Cellucci, 2018). The study will cover the reduction of redundant programs that were put in place to address the issue of security.

References

Busch, N. E., & Givens, A. D. (2012). Public-Private Partnerships in Homeland Security: Opportunities and Challenges. Homeland Security Affairs, 8(1). https://www.hsaj.org/articles/233

Brody, M. H. (2020). Enhancing the Organization of the United States Department of Homeland Security to Account for National Risk. Homeland Security Affairs, 16. https://www.hsaj.org/resources/uploads/2020/04/hsaj_V16_Enhancing-Organization_v2.pdf

Cellucci, T. (2018). Perspective: Innovative Public-Private Partnerships Help Secure Critical Infrastructure, published by the National Security today, 27 Nov 2018. https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/infrastructure-security/perspective-innovative-public-private-partnerships-accelerate-technology-and-secure-critical-infrastructure/

Department of Homeland Security. (n.d). Private Sector Engagement. DHS. https://www.dhs.gov/private-sector-engagement

Harrell, B. (2017). The private sector is the key to success for the Department of Homeland Security. csooneline. com. https://www.csoonline.com/article/3161793/the-private-sector-is-the-key-to-success-for-the-department-of-homeland-security.html

Hemme, K. (2015). Critical infrastructure protection: Maintenance is national security. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(3), 25-39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26465242?seq=15#metadata_info_tab_contents

McAleenan, K. (2019). STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND TARGETED VIOLENCE. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf

Morabito, A., & Greenberg, S. (2015). Engaging the private sector to promote homeland security: law enforcement-private security partnerships. Washington: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/210678.pdf

Private Sector Homeland Security

American Military University

HLSS498

29 Nov 20

Research Question

How can the United States leverage U.S based and owned Private Sectors to enhance and improve Homeland Security?

Thesis

An analysis of the Department OF Homeland Security with continuing partnership with private sector companies in ensuring protection of the National Security and interests.

Introduction

Homeland security is not extensive limited to the United States government alone, there are clear signs that the issue is not a sole responsibility thus there’s a need to create stronger partnerships that involve potential stakeholders. An increase in crimes and terrorist attacks can have devastating effects on American citizens on their surroundings, it is proven that the Department of Homeland Security in partnership with the private sector stakeholders leads to better federal efforts in the mitigation of critical assets and national infrastructure. Therefore this paper will show that partnerships with private sectors will not only provide the DHS with access in mitigation of cybersecurity threats but also physical security threats.

Background

Homeland security has been and it’s still an ongoing problem that faces different nations globally, there’s a need to collaborate with the private sectors and enforce the law to enhance management and protection of domestic incidents with a unified approach. The Department of Homeland Security with the help of both public and private sectors and the stakeholders such as the communications sector and energy sectors to reduce cases of national insecurities. One of the threats to national security is increased crime rates activities at federal, local, and state levels, terrorism, acts of violence, cybersecurity threats, and critical national infrastructure among others (Givens et al., 2018).

Consequences

Private sector Homeland Security has positive results in enhancing our homeland security, first, it will enhance the response efficacy and time to the public, there will also be reduced recovery time after each disaster this will be beneficial to the Department of National Security, besides that the integration of private sectors in Homeland Security will also help improve the evacuation period during attacks or whenever there’s earthquakes or any other national disaster (Ational et al., 2019), there will also be improved transportation from one place to another in case of attacks and also the deliverance of food services in the event of emergencies.it will also provide an opportunity to bring together the intelligence community which will explore possible perspectives and ideas in real-time. Besides new recommendations and knowledge will be obtained on how to improve the priorities of the intelligence community and also further the national security goals; there will also be improved intelligence, information, and data sharing in the DHS.

Current Initiatives

Various initiatives have been deployed to improve homeland security, the private sector has enhanced communication technology which can be used by the DHS to have better access to communities, they can also collaborate and coordinate with legislators and policymakers to facilitate laws that can easily help the homeland security, moreover, this private sector can provide guidelines and research which are related to emerging issues in the security homeland department, the DHS will also help private sectors to sustain and build capabilities needed for mitigation, protection, recovery and response and prevention of potential and significant threats. With these initiatives, they'll be able to handle outside threats and Homeland security will improve since private sectors have the best resources to handle such cases and the DHS needs to be in a position to craft responses that are innovative by applying and adapting these intelligence capabilities and coming up with new security landscapes (Givens et al., 2018).

The Real Debate

No researcher can put a price on homeland security; the partnership of private and public sectors can lead to enhanced innovative and creative problem-solving tactics by coordinating by sharing information and resources to achieve mutual goals.

Answering the Question

Collaborating with the private sectors in improving national security will be a big help in protecting our national interests and security since this is a collective responsibility there’s a need to create stronger partnerships with potential stakeholders.

Conclusion

According to (Givens et al., 2018) this is just a brief overview of private sector homeland security, the results of coordinating with them are endless a positive, given the vast impacts of their collaboration with continued research, it will be evident that private sector homeland security tactics can be effectively applied to enhance the performance of DHS and to improve the homeland security of our nation.

References

Ational, O., Center, A., Kennedy, M., Metz, D., Dezenski, E., Birenbaum, J., & Kenney, C. (2019). HS AC HOMELAND SECURITY Assessing the Cost of Disaster Recovery and Identifying Funding Sources in the HSOAC Puerto Rico Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan Project. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2800/RR2861/RAND_RR2861.pdf

Givens, A. D., Busch, N. E., & Bersin, A. D. (2018). Going Global: The International Dimensions of U.S. Homeland Security Policy. Journal of Strategic Security, 11(3), 1–34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26538515

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HOMELAND SECURITY 1

HOMELAND SECURITY 9

Private Sector Homeland Security

American Military University

HLSS498

12 Dec 20

Abstract

The Department of Homeland Security has recognized the need to partner with the private sector given the private sector controls most of the critical infrastructure is controlled. Homeland security has also recognized the need for public and private sectors having a strong bond. This partnership and bond include having a synchronized risk management plan across the public and private sectors. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) isn’t limited to the public sector only and that’s why the private sector is being brought into the plan. Given the potential threats and vulnerabilities the private sector has been facing such as cybersecurity the Department of Homeland Security should come in and help safeguard the critical infrastructure of the nation. Given the percentage owned and protected by the private sector is eighty-five percent, the law enforcement can help this sector because it possesses information based on infrastructure threats. The private segment rendezvous program at the Department of Homeland Security Office of Intelligence and Analysis has the mission of ensuring the owners and operators of this segment have enough knowledge and intelligence. Sharing of information is a great feature and facet in the Department of Homeland Security and partnership with the private sector because extensive details that are key to dealing with certain issues are present.

Introduction

The private sector is very vital on every nation, as it is in the United States. This is because this sector is a major contributor to the country's income. A lot of people stake in private sectors thus giving different people a chance to be employed. It's a great contributor in the development of urban regions. One of the federal agencies in the US known as Homeland Security ensures the country is kept safe from any kinds of threats. The DHS gives recommendations to the private sector on ways of preventing threats such as terrorism (Brody, 2020). As a way of ensuring security and safety for the private sector, there should be a robust program that involves the Department of the Homeland Security and the private sector. The purpose of doing this includes protecting the National Security and interests. This paper discusses how the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the private sector relate and how Homeland Security is used in mitigating potential risks.

Literature review

The increase in terror attacks have had devastating effects in America and with the partnership of the Department of Homeland Security and the private sector these threats can be curbed. This partnership with stakeholders in the private sector is said to improve efforts of dealing and extenuating critical assets. The private sector includes stakeholders operating in communication and energy areas and can help in reducing national security cases (Department of Homeland Security, n.d). Some of the main crimes in the private sector include cyber-threats, thefts and destruction of property through terrorism acts.

The private sector Homeland Security through various departments can ensure such issues are handled and mitigated. Public safety includes response efficacy and time which means the Department of Homeland Security through the partnership with stakeholders at the private sector will act faster on matters concerning such issues and provide security for the public (Givens et al., 2018). Also, there will be recovery time will be reduced. This means that after a disaster has occurred, the Department of National Securities will have time to act and investigate a crime faster than it was ever done before. In cases where there are disasters and calamities such as earthquakes, tornados and hurricanes, Homeland security will ensure those involved are taken care of, or before the occurrence of such disasters, those involved in this department will help vacate people.

Since the Department of Homeland Security cannot work on its own to curb and mitigate presented threats, there has been deployed of various initiative including the private sector which has provided enhanced communication technology (Cellucci, 2018). The information technology industry has advanced and part of its advancement including invention of techniques and strategies that can help the Department of Homeland Security in dealing with matters concerning national security. This technology can help the DHS communicate communities and communicate with people in the different areas such as coordinators as well as legislators who can help in facilitating the law.

The United States among other nations have been facing problems on essential ways they should employ to deal with presented risks. Every segment within the private and public sectors is a great contributor to national security matters. Each of the segments in these sectors should not show a blind eye to the Department of Homeland Security but should instead provide the needed information that can help in dealing with insecurity issues. For instance, the advanced technology has brought a lot of problems to these sectors but at the same time, there is much progress which can help in dealing with such issues. The internal sector Homeland Security should be acquainted with such skills and knowledge that can help deal with issues facilitated by the advanced tech such as cyber-threats.

Methodology and research

The Department of Homeland Security shouldn’t be given any doubt especially when there is a strong partnership that bonds it with the private sector. This paper employed both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The research was done in various private organizations to determine the role of the Department of Homeland Security. Personal interviews which included asking managers and directors in various private organizations were conducted. The interviews included questions on threats that have been hindering operations in the sector and how Homeland Security has been of help and how the entrepreneurs and stakeholders under this sector are willing to partner with the Department of Homeland Security to ensure such threats are curbed. Through quantitative methodology, data collected concerning threats was analyzed. Questions asked included asking these private organizations how they have been dealing with such threats and ways they have been dealing with them.

Analysis and findings

The private sector has been under a lot of threats because the sector has advanced infrastructure. This means that many criminal gangs have been targeting this sector which is the reason the Department of Homeland Security should be involved. McAleenan (2019) illustrates, the Department of Homeland Security is a key to ensuring the private sector can withstand as well as construct capabilities that are essential in curbing, extenuating, protecting, recovering and responding to potential threats (Hemme, 2015). The DHS with the help of organizations in the private sector can get improved due to the presence of unconventional tech that will help it handle most of these potential threats.

Additionally, the private sector Homeland Security will help deliver some of the basic needs such as food, water and clothing during emergencies. Most people in the private sector become vulnerable when there are threats and that’s why the DHS is needed. This includes having proper transportation of these materials form their bases to places of emergency. The Department of Homeland Security is at times susceptible because it lacks knowledge and essential skills that are helpful in tackling different issues (McAleenan, 2019). By getting in touch with the intelligence community, the Department of Homeland Security will have improved intelligence and information sharing which are key factors when dealing with certain issues concerning national security.

Since law enforcement and the private security sector have had great impact on matters concerning security issues, their relationship is still viewed relevant in fight against terrorism. This has been a great deal to Homeland Security. Since the private sector holds most of the country’s infrastructure, it has tried strengthening its security deals (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015). The number of people employed by the private sector are many compared to those in the public sector and that’s why the Department of Homeland Security should come in and help out this sector.

Conclusion and recommendations

The real debate here includes why there should exist a strong bond between the private and public sectors and the Department of Homeland. With their partnership, there is heightened inventive and creative problem-solving strategies which are essential in dealing with issues and problems within the nation (Harrell, 2017). This is achieved through sharing of information and assets that are available and that can help deal with the presented threats. The Department of Homeland Security is a great deal in the nation and that’s why it is essential for the department to keep in touch with the private sector to keep the country away from potential threats and issues.

References

Department of Homeland Security. (n.d). Private Sector Engagement. DHS. https://www.dhs.gov/private-sector-engagement

Instructions This week you will be submitting your final paper. You

Instructions

Type your introduction here….

Literature Review

Conclusion and Recommendations

References

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