Read chaps. 25-26 in Making of the West and watch Between the Wars ( Between the Wars: The Economic Seeds of World War II – Video – Films On Demand (oclc.org) ). Then answer these quest

The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures

Sixth Edition CHAPTER 25

World War I and Its Aftermath 1914–1929

Hunt • Martin • Rosenwein • Smith

Copyright © 2019 by Bedford/St. Martin’s Distributed by Bedford/St. Martin’s/Macmillan Learning strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.

World War I and Its Aftermath 1914–1929

Chapter Twenty-Five

I. The Great War, 1914—1918

•  A. Blueprints for War – Opposing alliances – War objectives – Role of the colonies – New resources and tactics

I. The Great War, 1914—1918 —cont’d

•  B. The Battlefronts – Schlieffen Plan –  Indecisive offensives and entrenched

fighting

I. The Great War, 1914—1918 —cont’d

•  B. The Battlefronts—cont’d – Mounting catastrophe – The soldiers’ war – Colonial soldiers

I. The Great War, 1914—1918 —cont’d

•  C. The Home Front – Politics suspended – Mobilization of the people – Propaganda – Effects on civilians and society

II. Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917—1918

•  A. War Protest – Submarine warfare – Civilian opposition and revolt – Efforts toward peace

II. Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917—1918—

cont’d •  B. Revolution in Russia

– Wartime devastation and government incompetence

– Rise of the provisional government – Bolshevik takeover – Civil war in Russia

II. Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917—1918—

cont’d •  C. Ending the War, 1918

– Final German offensive – Deteriorating German conditions – Consequences of the war

III. The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution

•  A. Europe in Turmoil – Protests at war’s end – German Social Democrats –  Independent socialist groups and workers’

councils – The Weimar Republic – Soviet revolutions

III. The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution—cont’d

•  B. The Paris Peace Conference, 1919— 1920 – Goals of the victors – The Peace of Paris treaties – The Treaty of Versailles and the war guild

clause – The League of Nations

III. The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution—cont’d

•  C. Economic and Diplomatic Consequences of the Peace – Economic dilemmas and debts – Ruhr occupation – German difficulties – Disarmament – Open diplomacy

IV. A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s

•  A. Changes in the Political Landscape – Voting rights for women – Welfare states – Economic downturn and effects – Eastern Europe

IV. A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s—cont’d

•  A. Changes in the Political Landscape —cont’d – Germany – France – Britain and Ireland – The colonies

IV. A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s—cont’d

•  B. Reconstructing the Economy – European recovery – American modernization – Managing industry

IV. A Decade of Recovery: Europe in the 1920s—cont’d

•  C. Restoring Society – Soldiers and civilians – Reintegrating soldiers – Changing ideas about sex and gender – Modern consumer goods

V. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators

•  A. Culture for the Masses –  Instruments of mass culture – Film – Radio

V. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators—cont’d

•  B. Cultural Debates over the Future – Postwar grief and rage in art – Dadaism – Novels – Technology and art – Jazz

V. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators—cont’d

•  C. The Communist Utopia – The Kronstadt Revolt, the NEP, and purges – Attempt at cultural revolution and public

welfare – Developing proletarian culture – From Lenin to Stalin

V. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators—cont’d

•  D. Fascism on the March in Italy – Postwar discontent – Mussolini, the Black Shirts, and fascism – Consolidating power and gaining support – Adolf Hitler

The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures

Sixth Edition CHAPTER 26

The Great Depression and World War II 1929–1945

Hunt • Martin • Rosenwein • Smith

Copyright © 2019 by Bedford/St. Martin’s Distributed by Bedford/St. Martin’s/Macmillan Learning strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.

The Great Depression and World War II

1929–1945 Chapter Twenty-Six

I. The Great Depression

•  A. Economic Disaster Strikes – U.S. stock market crash – Financial crisis in Europe – Other factors

I. The Great Depression— cont’d

•  B. Social Effects of the Depression – Continuing economic progress – Effects of unemployment – Strained gender relations – Reproductive concerns

I. The Great Depression— cont’d

•  C. The Great Depression beyond the West – Effects on colonies – Colonial independence movements – Civil disobedience in India – Westernization in Turkey – French and British imperialism

II. Totalitarian Triumph

•  A. The Rise of Stalinism – Radical industrialization – Resistance to the plans – Politicizing economic failure – Changes in family and the arts

II. Totalitarian Triumph— cont’d

•  B. Hitler’s Rise to Power – Discrediting democracy – Support for the Nazi Party – Elections and propaganda

II. Totalitarian Triumph— cont’d

•  C. The Nazification of German Politics – Seizing power and the Enabling Act – Suppression of rights – Economic and social programs

II. Totalitarian Triumph— cont’d

•  D. Nazi Racism – Anti-Semitism – Scientific racism and the Nuremberg Laws – T4 project – Kristallnacht

III. Democracies on the Defensive

•  A. Confronting the Economic Crisis – The United States – Sweden – Britain and France – Central Europe

III. Democracies on the Defensive —cont’d

•  B. Cultural Visions in Hard Times – Workers and women in film and musicals – Politics in writing – Science and the limits to human

understanding – Religion and resistance

IV. The Road to Global War

•  A. A Surge in Global Imperialism – Japan’s expansionism –  Invasion of Manchuria – Germany and Italy –  Invasions and response

IV. The Road to Global War— cont’d

•  B. The Spanish Civil War, 1936—1939 – The promise of republicanism – Fragmentation and the Spanish Civil War –  International struggle

IV. The Road to Global War— cont’d

•  C. Hitler’s Conquest of Central Europe, 1938—1939 – The annexation of Austria – Czechoslovakia – Appeasement – The Nazi-Soviet Pact

V. World War II, 1939—1945

•  A. The German Onslaught – Blitzkreig – France – Winston Churchill – Battle of Britain – Attack on the Soviet Union

V. World War II, 1939—1945 —cont’d

•  B. War Expands: The Pacific and Beyond – Japanese expansion and attacks – United States’ entrance to the war – The Grand Alliance

V. World War II, 1939—1945 —cont’d

•  C. The War against Civilians – Attacks on civilians – Violence against “inferiors” – The Holocaust – Extermination and concentration camps

V. World War II, 1939—1945 —cont’d

•  D. Societies at War – Limited Axis production – Mobilizing allied civilians – Contribution of women – Propaganda and mass society

V. World War II, 1939—1945 —cont’d

•  E. From Resistance to Allied Victory – Civilian resistance – Axis defeats – German surrender – The atomic bomb – Japanese surrender

V. World War II, 1939—1945 —cont’d

•  F. An Uneasy Postwar Settlement – Wartime agreements – Postwar effects

USEFUL NOTES FOR:

(1) How did the strain and outcome of the First World War contribute to the Great Depression, and the rise of Soviet communism, Italian Fascism, German Nazism, and Japanese militarism? Explain.

Introduction

The strain and outcome of the First World War contributed to many political, economic and social changes that occurred in Europe and North America. In this lesson, we’ll examine how these events affected other countries around the world.

(1) How did the strain and outcome of the First World War contribute to the Great Depression, and the rise of Soviet communism, Italian Fascism, German Nazism, and Japanese militarism? Explain.

The strain of the First World War and its outcome contributed to the Great Depression. The Great Depression led to the rise of Soviet communism, Italian Fascism, German Nazism and Japanese militarism.

The outcome of WWI contributed directly to this problem. Before 1914 there was no unemployment problem in Europe because people could find jobs easily; but with so many men fighting for their countries at that time there were many who died or were disabled during combat which caused a labor shortage when they returned home after being discharged from active duty (and unable to find employment).

The Great Depression

The Great Depression was a worldwide economic depression that lasted 10 years. It began in 1929 and ended in 1941. The Great Depression was the worst economic crisis in modern history, but it was not just an American event—it affected all industrialized countries around the world.

The primary cause of this hardship was that people had lost faith in their institutions and were no longer willing to invest money into them or support them financially. This led to many businesses going under, which resulted in decreased production and employment opportunities for those who were still working after being laid off from their jobs due to lack of business revenue (or even worse).

German Nazism

The rise of Nazism in Germany is one that would have a lasting impact on the world. The Nazi Party rose to power with a strong ideology and political platform, which included anti-Semitism and other forms of intolerance toward minorities. This ideology was not only embraced by many Germans but also spread across Europe thanks to propaganda from Nazi propagandists like Joseph Goebbels (see below).

The Nazis’ ideology helped fuel their rise to power as well as their ability to manipulate people into believing what they wanted them to believe. The economic crisis had already been underway before Hitler became chancellor; however, it worsened during his reign due to his aggressive foreign policies which led directly into World War II (WWII).

Italian Fascism

Fascism is an ideology that originated in Italy and later spread to other countries, including Germany. It was a movement that advocated for the importance of the state over individual rights, nationalism over internationalism and self-reliance over liberalism.

Fascists believed in strong government control over all aspects of life; they also believed in military might as a means to protect their country from enemies both foreign (like Soviet communism) and domestic (like socialism). Fascist governments were highly authoritarian regimes characterized by centralization of power under one leader who ruled with absolute authority over society at large

Japanese Militarism

The Japanese were a major player in the war. They suffered casualties that were comparable to those of Germany and France, but unlike their Western counterparts, they emerged from the war with their economy intact. As such, it is not surprising that Japan was one of the few countries to emerge from this conflict with its economy intact (though it did require massive US aid).

However, though Japan was not paying attention to these developments during peace time—a period which saw widespread strikes and demonstrations across Europe—it would soon have reason enough to heed them: when Charles de Gaulle’s Free French Forces occupied Tokyo in 1945 after defeating Germany’s ally Imperial Japan there was little resistance from his allies who feared losing colonial territories like Indochina or Formosa.

Many countries suffered at the end of World War I

Many countries suffered at the end of World War I. The strain and outcome of the First World War contributed to the Great Depression, which started in 1929 and lasted until 1933.

The Great Depression was caused by overproduction in an economy that had been damaged during WWI. This led to a loss of confidence among investors and consumers, who began spending less money on goods and services they didn’t need as much; this reduction in demand caused businesses to close down or lay off workers in order to balance their books (lose profit). As more people lost jobs, they had less money available for buying goods and services so businesses continued closing down due to lack of demand—a vicious cycle!

As you can see above there are many causes behind why there was such economic hardship during this time period but one important thing we should remember is how far reaching these effects would go: we saw Soviets rise up against capitalism after seeing what happened during WWI when communism first gained power here on earth through Lenin & Trotsky’s revolution/takeover attempt against Czar Nicholas II(Russia) after Nikolai Nikolaievich Lenin ordered him executed due solely upon his wrongdoings towards Russia’s citizens who voted him into office instead…

Conclusion

The Great Depression was a worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. It began with the US stock market crash of 1929 and did not go away until after World War II. The Great Depression was caused by overproduction and flawed financial policies that resulted in massive unemployment, poverty, homelessness, hunger and disease. It was also caused by government policies such as tax cuts that encouraged waste and greed instead of supporting people struggling to make ends meet. This caused businesses to fail leading many people who worked for them lose their jobs leaving families without income as well!