350 words minimum
1) Read the provided YAWP readings.
A Traveler Describes Life Along the Erie Canal, 1829 | The American Yawp Reader
Harriet H. Robinson Remembers a Mill Workers’ Strike, 1836 | The American Yawp Reader
2) Read Chapter 9 of the US History online text. Yep, the whole chapter this time. 🙂 It is FULL of information that we need to discuss.
3) Read the article provided, “The high cost of being poor.” The high cost of being poor – CBS News
4) Review the PowerPoint provided.
Did you know?! Great Britain BEGAN the Industrial Revolution around 1760? By using coal and the invention of the steam engine, their growth was unstoppable. The British created so many canals it was referred to as canal mania! The invention of the steam engine then gave them the ability to dig even deeper and quicker for coal!
This week’s discussion will cover the Industrial Revolution in the North. Once you have read and reviewed the sources above, create a conversational discussion post with your class.
In what ways were people’s lives changed by Industrialization?
How was it before and how was it after the Industrial Revolution?
What types of new challenges did people and businesses face?
Did the article “The High Cost of Being Poor,” change your perspective of the time period?
Do you see women being treated differently?
What did you learn that you didn’t know before? What surprised you the most?
Use these questions as examples to create your own thesis (main idea).
Make sure to read and utilize all the resources provided to create an informed and engaging conversation with the class. If you utilize a source, please cite it.
This is not meant to be a question-and-answer assignment. Give real reactions to the material and give educated opinions based on the sources. Make sure to create clear and cohesive paragraphs so it is easy for everyone to read.
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Chapter9.pdf
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IndustrialRevolution.pptx
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1760 – 1840
Historical Significance
An ancient Greek or Roman would have recognized daily life in Europe in the early 1700s
Agriculture and technology had changed little in 2000+ years
The Industrial Revolution changed human life dramatically and permanently
More technological advances were made in the last 250+ years than in the previous 2500+ years of known human history
DOMESTIC System
Under the domestic system:
A woman selected fabric and had a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress.
Factory System
Replaces the domestic system of production
Under the factory system:
The factory owner bought large lots of fabrics and workers created multiple dresses in common sizes for women to buy.
The Industrial Revolution
Transportation improved
Canals
Ships
Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships
Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers
Trains
Communication improved
Telegraph
Canals vs Railroads
Look at the map on the following slide
Why are the states east of the Mississippi River shaped so oddly?
Why are the states west of the Mississippi River more square shaped?
RAILROADS
Convict labor was utilized during the construction of the Western North Carolina Railroad. The state of North Carolina leased the convicts to the rail company, and 3,500+ men worked on the rail line; the majority were African-Americans. The work was hazardous with several men laying the rail line, grading, and the excavating tunnels. 450+ died during the railroad’s construction.
Each mile of track required approximately 2500 cross ties.
A wooden railroad tie, which weighs 200 pounds and is nine feet long, typically lasts 40 to 70 years.
total mileage:
| 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | |
| Canals | 1,277 | 3,326 | 3,698 | ||
| Railroads | 73 | 3,328 | 8,879 | 30,636 | 50,000 |
Effects OF THE Railroad
Further Industrial Growth
New Jobs
Boosted agriculture and fishing industries
People able to take jobs in distant cities
People able to travel further
Transportation Revolution
| Robert Fulton (American) | Thomas Telford & John McAdams (British) | George Stephenson (English) |
| Steamboat (1807) | Macadamized roads (1810-1830) | Locomotive (1825) |
| Faster water transportation | Better Roads | Sped land transport of people and goods |
Steamboat
Roads
LOCOMOTIVE
Thomas Edison
NIKOLATESLA
VS.
which was a more profound discovery – Edison’s Direct Current (DC) electricity or Tesla’s Alternating Current (AC) electricity?
Ultimately, the “War of Currents” may have ended in a tie, as many electronic devices still require both AC and DC technologies to work together simultaneously
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Agricultural REVOLTUION
Eli Whitney – Cotton gin (1793) – Increased cotton production
Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical reaper (1834) – Increased wheat production
Other inventions: Horse-drawn hay rake, threshing machine, steel plow, steam engines, gasoline and diesel engines
Electric motors were added to farm machinery as these types of engines were invented.
Agricultural REVOLUTION
Agriculture became a science & research began
Established agricultural societies, experimental stations, and schools (such as OSU)
Progress
Pesticides, stock breeding, new foods, food preservation, new farming techniques and irrigation methods, frozen foods
Results
Today, in the industrialized world, more food is grown by far fewer farmers than 200 years ago.
Notes: A good topic of discussion might focus on the modern taste for organic foods which do not emphasize technology. Question: What methods and technologies of the Agricultural Revolution do organic farmers utilize? How might our lives be different if we lived 200 years ago, when food was costlier and could not be easily preserved? Another point of discussion could focus on the differences in agricultural production between the industrialized and non-industrialized world.
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Pliny says: “After seed is put in the ground harrows with long teeth are drawn over it.“
The spike tooth harrow of the early settlers in the west was so simple in construction that the frame was usually homemade or made to order at the village wagon-maker’s, the teeth being forged of iron by the village blacksmith. Aside from changes in frame and manner of hitching, the only improvement of which this harrow was susceptible was giving the point of the teeth a backward pitch to thus make them more effective in smoothing the surface and crushing clods.
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SPIKE-TOOTH HARROW
The peg-tooth harrow, also called a spike-tooth harrow, is a secondary tillage implement. Several implements are used after a field is plowed to finish preparing the soil for planting. Various implements will turn, chop or pulverize the soil and organic material into smaller pieces. A peg-tooth harrow will uproot small weeds and smooth the soil, to help eliminate a rough surface left by more aggressive tillage implements.
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SPRING-TOOTH HARROW
invented by David L. Garver, of Hart, Mich., and patented in 1869.
D. C. Reed, of Kalamazoo, became interested in the harrow, and endeavored to establish the manufacture of it. Finding Carver’s invention incomplete, he improved it by the addition of an adjustable clip for holding the teeth in any position desired, which he patented in 1877. This improvement made the new implement a successful one, and the demand for it became general among the farmers, especially in the eastern and central states.
2008 MODEL – SELLING FOR $28,000
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“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”
Power Loom
The Spinning Jenny
WAS THE “PROGRESS” ALL BENEFICIAL??
Cotton Gin led to the spread of slavery
1830 – US produced approx. 750,000 bales of cotton
1850 – widespread use of the COTTON GIN
2.85 million bales produced
Increased cotton production larger cotton plantations need for more slaves
1860 – South provided 2/3 of the world’s cotton supply
New York City, 1900: “When a horse died, its carcass would be left to rot until it had disintegrated enough for someone to pick up the pieces. Children would play with dead horses lying in the street.”
Columbia University professor David Rosner
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In what ways were people’s lives changed by Industrialization?
Introduction
Industrialization was a period of great change in England. It started in the late 18th century and lasted until World War I, when industrial production stopped because of wartime restrictions on materials such as steel and coal. The changes caused many problems for people who worked in factories or lived near them – especially those who were crowded together into poor housing conditions or had no jobs at all.
The people were becoming increasingly crowded.
The people were becoming increasingly crowded.
In the early 1800s, there was an increase in population due to industrialization and immigration. This trend continued through World War II and into the mid-1900s when it became apparent that more people were living than ever before. By 1950, there were just over two billion humans on Earth!
The rise in population has had many effects on our environment and communities as well as our health:
There was also a growing lack of jobs in the countryside, so towns and cities were growing rapidly. England’s population went from 8 million in 1801 to 36 million in 1901.
There was also a growing lack of jobs in the countryside, so towns and cities were growing rapidly. England’s population went from 8 million in 1801 to 36 million in 1901.
As people moved from their homes to cities, they needed ways of earning money that did not require moving away from home every day. The Industrial Revolution created new jobs for many people who previously worked on farms or in small shops around town. These new professions included factory workers (who made things like cars) and clerks (who worked in offices).
New machines took over most of the jobs that people had done by hand for centuries. The way goods were made changed drastically, with mass production replacing home-based industry.
As industrialization progressed, new machines were introduced to replace human labor. These new machines made production faster, more efficient and cheaper; but they also made it possible to produce goods on a mass scale.
The first major change that occurred was the introduction of steam power into manufacturing processes. In 1784 James Watt invented his steam engine which could be used in factories as an alternative source of power rather than horses or water wheels (which had previously been used). This led directly to improvements such as mechanized looms that produced fabric at higher speeds than hand weaving could achieve before this time period began – another example being John Kay’s flying shuttle design which allowed silk threading in 1765!
Another important innovation came about through development for war: munitions and weapons manufacturers needed large amounts of raw materials such as metals, wood products etc., so transportation costs became expensive since they needed trucks rather than horses/boats etc..
In towns and cities, new factories needed workers. Huge numbers of people moved from the countryside to nearby towns, or travelled great distances to work in new industrial centers such as Manchester and Birmingham.
In towns and cities, new factories needed workers. Huge numbers of people moved from the countryside to nearby towns, or travelled great distances to work in new industrial centers such as Manchester and Birmingham. The population of towns grew rapidly as well—but not everyone was happy about this opportunity: many people felt that they had lost control over their lives by being forced into factory jobs away from home.
As a result, vast numbers of workers lived in slums – overcrowded areas of bad housing where they could be close to the factories they worked in.
As a result, vast numbers of workers lived in slums – overcrowded areas of bad housing where they could be close to the factories they worked in. Slums were dirty and dangerous places to live, but they also provided cheap housing for factory workers who couldn’t afford better accommodation.
Slum residents often lived near the factories that employed them because these areas were full of jobs for people who didn’t have any other prospects than working at one place or another. In some countries such as England and Scotland (Scotland means “land between two seas”), there was even a limit on how far away from home you could live so that everyone had access to work opportunities: anyone who wanted one had to go somewhere else!
People’s lives were changed drastically by industrialization.
The people of the United States have seen their lives changed dramatically by industrialization.
The first thing to note is that these changes have been mostly positive. The population has increased, which means more people can be supported by a smaller amount of farmland, and this in turn means less need for land for farming. In addition, there are fewer natural disasters like hurricanes or earthquakes because so many people live near cities now instead of rural areas where they used to live during colonial times (when cities were much smaller). Even though industrialization has made life easier for most Americans today, there are still some negative effects from this transition:
Conclusion
This is a brief history of how people’s lives were changed by industrialization. I hope that you found this blog post interesting, and that it has given you insight into the past.